skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Self Assembly-Assisted Additive Manufacturing: Direct Ink Write 3D Printing of Epoxy-Amine Thermosets

Journal Article · · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering

The use of self–assembling, pre–polymer materials in 3D printing is rare, due to difficulties of facilitating printing with low molecular weight species and preserving their reactivity and/or functions on the macroscale. Akin to 3D printing of small molecules, examples of extrusion–based printing of pre–polymer thermosets are uncommon, arising from their limited rheological tuneability and slow reactions kinetics. The direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing of a two–part resin, Epon 828 and Jeffamine D230, using a self–assembly approach is reported. Through the addition of self–assembling, ureidopyrimidinone–modified Jeffamine D230 and nanoclay filler, suitable viscoelastic properties are obtained, enabling 3D printing of the epoxy–amine pre–polymer resin. A significant increase in viscosity is observed, with an infinite shear rate viscosity of approximately two orders of magnitude higher than control resins, in addition to, an increase in yield strength and thixotropic behavior. As a result, printing of simple geometries is demonstrated with parts showing excellent interlayer adhesion, unachievable using control resins.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000
OSTI ID:
1487420
Report Number(s):
SAND-2018-8942J; 666998
Journal Information:
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, Vol. 304, Issue 3; ISSN 1438-7492
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 12 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (59)

3D Printing of Free Standing Liquid Metal Microstructures journal July 2013
Molecular self-assembly and patterning induced by sound waves. The case of gelation journal January 2009
Effect of ultrasound sonication in nanoclay clusters of nanoclay/epoxy composites journal May 2005
Unidirectional Dimerization and Stacking of Ureidopyrimidinone End Groups in Polycaprolactone Supramolecular Polymers journal November 2007
Supramolecular engineering polyesters: endgroup functionalization of glycol modified PET with ureidopyrimidinone journal January 2016
Supramolecular polymers at work journal April 2004
Effect Of Nanoclay On The Toughness Of Epoxy And Mechanical, Impact Properties Of E-glass-epoxy Composites journal August 2015
Supramolecular Polymer Materials: Chain Extension of Telechelic Polymers Using a Reactive Hydrogen-Bonding Synthon journal June 2000
Thermochromic Block Copolymer Photonic Gel journal July 2008
Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing journal July 2017
Direct Ink Writing of Three-Dimensional Ceramic Structures journal December 2006
3D printing of high performance cyanate ester thermoset polymers journal January 2018
Fracture toughness of the nano-particle reinforced epoxy composite journal November 2008
Probing hydrogen bond interactions in a shear thickening polysaccharide using nonlinear shear and extensional rheology journal June 2015
3D-printable CFR polymer composites with dual-cure sequential IPNs journal May 2016
Epoxy Resin-Inspired Reconfigurable Supramolecular Networks journal October 2016
Multi-Responsive Wrinkling Patterns by the Photoswitchable Supramolecular Network journal July 2017
3D Printing of Biocompatible Supramolecular Polymers and their Composites journal January 2016
High impact resistance epoxy resins by incorporation of quadruply hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymers journal May 2016
Hierarchical Co-Assembly Enhanced Direct Ink Writing journal March 2018
Three-Dimensional Printing of Shape Memory Composites with Epoxy-Acrylate Hybrid Photopolymer journal January 2017
Mechanical properties of epoxy-based composites using nanoclays journal September 2006
Supramolecular Polymers: Historical Development, Preparation, Characterization, and Functions journal March 2015
Facile Routes to Patterned Surface Neutralization Layers for Block Copolymer Lithography journal December 2007
3D-Printing of Lightweight Cellular Composites journal June 2014
Extreme wet adhesion of a novel epoxy-amine coating on aluminum alloy 2024-T3 journal January 2014
Fabrication of tough epoxy with shape memory effects by UV-assisted direct-ink write printing journal January 2018
Synthesis, swelling behavior, and viscoelastic properties of functional poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with ureidopyrimidinone side-groups journal January 2013
Probing the solvent-induced tautomerism of a redox-active ureidopyrimidinone journal January 2007
3D-Printing of Meso-structurally Ordered Carbon Fiber/Polymer Composites with Unprecedented Orthotropic Physical Properties journal March 2017
Combined Effect of Chain Extension and Supramolecular Interactions on Rheological and Adhesive Properties of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives journal November 2016
Superior relaxation of stresses and self-healing behavior of epoxy-amine coatings journal January 2016
Mechanically Induced Gelation of a Kinetically Trapped Supramolecular Polymer journal November 2014
Mechanism of Shear Thickening in Reversibly Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymer Networks journal April 2010
Supramolecular polymer adhesives: advanced materials inspired by nature journal January 2016
Rheology of non-Newtonian fluids: A new flow equation for pseudoplastic systems journal June 1965
N,N-Disubstituted Ureas: Influence of Substituents on the Formation of Supramolecular Polymers journal July 2003
Additive Manufacturing With Conductive, Viscoelastic Polymer Composites: Direct-Ink-Writing of Electrolytic and Anodic Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Composites journal September 2017
Ultraviolet-Assisted Direct-Write Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Nanocomposite Microcoils journal February 2010
Hierarchical Nacre Mimetics with Synergistic Mechanical Properties by Control of Molecular Interactions in Self-Healing Polymers journal June 2015
Synthesis and characterization of poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate) copolymers containing pendant, self-complementary multiple-hydrogen-bonding sites journal January 2005
Adaptive bio-based polyurethane elastomers engineered by ionic hydrogen bonding interactions journal June 2017
High-strength epoxy nanocomposites for 3D printing journal May 2018
Mechanism of reinforcement in a nanoclay/polymer composite journal September 2011
3D printing with polymers: Challenges among expanding options and opportunities journal January 2016
An overview of high temperature micro-ATR IR spectroscopy to monitor polymer reactions journal September 2012
Aggregation of Ureido-Pyrimidinone Supramolecular Thermoplastic Elastomers into Nanofibers: A Kinetic Analysis journal September 2011
Supramolecular Polymers journal December 2001
Spectroscopic analysis of phase separation behavior of model polyurethanes journal September 1987
Hydrogen bonding in polymers. 4. Infrared temperature studies of a simple polyurethane journal August 1986
3D Printing Polymers with Supramolecular Functionality for Biological Applications journal August 2017
Light-Adaptive Supramolecular Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposites journal July 2016
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Graphene-Reinforced Epoxy journal December 2017
Direct Ink Writing of 3D Functional Materials journal November 2006
Waterproof characteristics of nanoclay/epoxy nanocomposite in adhesively bonded joints journal December 2013
Hierarchical Nacre Mimetics with Synergistic Mechanical Properties by Control of Molecular Interactions in Self-Healing Polymers journal June 2015
Hierarchical Co-Assembly Enhanced Direct Ink Writing journal March 2018
Epoxy resin-inspired reconfigurable supramolecular networks text January 2020
Epoxy resin-inspired reconfigurable supramolecular networks text January 2020

Cited By (1)

Development and Characterization of Stable Polymer Formulations for Manufacturing Magnetic Composites journal January 2020