Towards photocathodes with elongated lifetimes and high quantum efficiency by passivating with two dimensional materials

Wang, Gaoxue; Yang, Ping; Moody, Nathan Andrew; Batista, Enrique Ricardo

doi:10.1038/s41699-018-0062-6

Title: Towards photocathodes with elongated lifetimes and high quantum efficiency by passivating with two dimensional materials

Journal Article · Mon Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · npj 2D Materials and Applications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-018-0062-6· OSTI ID:1471353

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Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Photocathodes are key components of electron injectors for X-ray free electron laser and X-ray energy recovery linacs, which generate brilliant, ultrafast, and coherent X-rays for the exploration of matter with ultrahigh resolutions in both space and time. Whereas alkali-based semiconducting photocathodes display a higher quantum efficiency (QE) in the visible light spectrum than their metallic counterparts, their lifetimes are much shorter due to the high reactivity of alkali-based surfaces to the residual gases in the vacuum chamber. Overcoming the tradeoff between QE and lifetimes has been a great challenge in the accelerator community. Here in this paper, based on ab initio density functional calculations, we propose an approach to overcome this tradeoff by coating with atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. On one hand, the 2D coating layers can enhance the lifetimes of photocathodes by preventing the chemical reactions with the residual gases. On the other hand, the 2D coating layers can effectively engineer the work function of photocathodes, thus controlling their QE. A monolayer of insulating BN reduces the work function, whereas a monolayer of semi-metallic graphene or semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) increases the work function. This phenomenon originates from the induced interfacial dipoles. The reduction of work function by BN implies that it is capable of maintaining the high QE of semiconducting photocathodes in addition to enhance their lifetimes. This study advances our understandings on the surface chemistry of coated photocathodes and opens new technological avenues to fabricate photocathodes with high QE and longer lifetimes.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1471353

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-26824

Journal Information:: npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 1; ISSN 2397-7132 (Electronic)

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 21 works

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