Addressing a systematic bias in carbon dioxide flux measurements with the EC150 and the IRGASON open-path gas analyzers

Helbig, M.; Wischnewski, K.; Gosselin, G. H.; Biraud, S. C.; Bogoev, I.; Chan, W. S.; Euskirchen, E. S.; Glenn, A. J.; Marsh, P. M.; Quinton, W. L.; Sonnentag, O.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.07.018

Title: Addressing a systematic bias in carbon dioxide flux measurements with the EC150 and the IRGASON open-path gas analyzers

Journal Article · Fri Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.07.018· OSTI ID:1471026

^[1]; Wischnewski, K. ^[1]; Gosselin, G. H. ^[1];

^[2]; Bogoev, I. ^[3]; Chan, W. S. ^[2]; Euskirchen, E. S. ^[4]; Glenn, A. J. ^[5]; Marsh, P. M. ^[6]; Quinton, W. L. ^[6]; Sonnentag, O. ^[1]

Univ. of Montréal, QC (Canada). Centre for Northern Studies (CEN). Dept. of Geography
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT (United States)
Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States). Inst. of Arctic Biology
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB (Canada). Brandon Research and Development Centre
Wilfrid Laurier Univ., Waterloo, ON (Canada). Cold Regions Research Centre

Across a global network of eddy covariance flux towers, two relatively new open-path infrared gas analyzers (IRGAs), the IRGASON and the EC150, are increasingly used to measure net carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes (F_{c_OP}). Differences in net CO₂ fluxes derived from open- and closed-path IRGAs in general remain poorly constrained. In particular, the performance of the IRGASON and the EC150 for measuring F_{c_OP} has not been characterized yet. These IRGAs measure CO₂ absorption, which is scaled with air temperature and pressure before converting it to instantaneous CO₂ density. This sensor-internal conversion is based on a slow-response thermistor air temperature measurement. In this paper, we test if the high-frequency temperature attenuation causes selectively systematic F_{c_OP} errors that scale with kinematic temperature fluxes. First, we examine the relationship between wintertime F_{c_OP} and kinematic temperature fluxes for eight northern ecosystems. Second, we investigate how residuals between F_{c_OP} and CO₂ fluxes from co-located closed-path IRGAs (F_{C_CP}) are related to kinematic temperature fluxes for three different ecosystem types (i.e., boreal forest, grassland, and irrigated cropland). We find that kinematic temperature fluxes, but not mean ambient air temperatures or CO₂ flux regime, consistently determine the absolute magnitude of F_{c_OP} errors. This selectively systematic bias causes the most pronounced relative F_{c_OP} errors to occur when “true” CO₂ fluxes are low and kinematic temperature fluxes are high (e.g., northern ecosystems during the winter). The smallest relative errors occur during periods with large “true” CO₂ fluxes and low kinematic temperature fluxes. To address this bias, we replace the slow-response air temperature in the absorption-to-CO₂ density conversion with a fast-response air temperature derived from sonic anemometer measurements. The use of the fast-response air temperature improves the agreement between half-hourly F_{c_OP} and F_{C_CP} for all open- versus closed-path IRGA comparisons. Additionally, cumulative F_{c_OP} and F_{c_CP} sums are more comparable as differences drop from 63 %–13 % to 20 %–8 %. Finally, the improved IRGASON and EC150 performance enhances the ability and confidence to synthesize flux measurements across multiple sites including these two relatively new IRGAs.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); United States Geological Survey (USGS); National Science Foundation (NSF); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies (FRQNT) (Canada); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1471026

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1398566

Journal Information:: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 228-229; ISSN 0168-1923

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 26 works

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Title: Addressing a systematic bias in carbon dioxide flux measurements with the EC150 and the IRGASON open-path gas analyzers

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