skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Oxygen Reduction by Homogeneous Molecular Catalysts and Electrocatalysts

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key component of biological processes and energy technologies. This Review provides a comprehensive report of soluble molecular catalysts and electrocatalysts for the ORR. The precise synthetic control and relative ease of mechanistic study for homogeneous molecular catalysts, as compared to heterogeneous materials or surface-adsorbed species, enables a detailed understanding of the individual steps of ORR catalysis. Thus, the Review places particular emphasis on ORR mechanism and thermodynamics. First, the thermochemistry of oxygen reduction and the factors influencing ORR efficiency are described to contextualize the discussion of catalytic studies that follows. Reports of ORR catalysis are presented in terms of their mechanism, with separate sections for catalysis proceeding via initial outer- and inner-sphere electron transfer to O2. The rates and selectivities (for production of H2O2 vs H2O) of these catalysts are provided, along with suggested methods for accurately comparing catalysts of different metals and ligand scaffolds that were examined under different experimental conditions.

Research Organization:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis (CME)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1470267
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 118, Issue 5; Related Information: CME partners with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (lead); University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Pennsylvania State University; University of Washington; University of Wyoming; ISSN 0009-2665
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 363 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (310)

Industrial Organic Chemistry May 1997
Reaction Mechanism of Cytochrome c Oxidase journal January 2015
Dioxygen Activation at Mononuclear Nonheme Iron Active Sites:  Enzymes, Models, and Intermediates journal February 2004
Functional Analogues of Cytochrome c Oxidase, Myoglobin, and Hemoglobin journal February 2004
Synthetic models for the oxygen-binding hemoproteins journal July 1977
Thermodynamics of oxygen binding in natural and synthetic dioxygen complexes journal April 1984
Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions. Mechanistic Aspects journal July 2008
Energy-Related Small Molecule Activation Reactions: Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions Catalyzed by Porphyrin- and Corrole-Based Systems journal November 2016
Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis: An Outlook beyond the Anthraquinone Process journal October 2006
Chemical and Technical Aspects of Propene Oxide Production via Hydrogen Peroxide (HPPO Process) journal January 2013
Degradation of polymer electrolyte membranes journal October 2006
Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal February 2016
Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal May 2015
Erratum: Design principles for oxygen-reduction activity on perovskite oxide catalysts for fuel cells and metal–air batteries journal July 2011
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Cytochrome Oxidase journal December 2010
Direct, Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction by Laccase on Anthracene-2-methanethiol-Modified Gold journal July 2010
Enzymes as Working or Inspirational Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Electrolysis journal July 2008
Conformational Control of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Heme Models: Maximal CoII-O2 Binding in a C-Clamp Porphyrin journal April 1995
Standard Electrode Potentials and Temperature Coefficients in Water at 298.15 K journal January 1989
Experimental Methods for Quantifying the Activity of Platinum Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal August 2010
Standard Reduction Potentials for Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Couples in Acetonitrile and N , N -Dimethylformamide journal December 2015
Direct Determination of Equilibrium Potentials for Hydrogen Oxidation/Production by Open Circuit Potential Measurements in Acetonitrile journal June 2012
Oxygen Reduction Catalysis at a Dicobalt Center: The Relationship of Faradaic Efficiency to Overpotential journal February 2016
A Comprehensive Self-Consistent Spectrophotometric Acidity Scale of Neutral Brønsted Acids in Acetonitrile journal March 2006
Equilibrium acidities in dimethyl sulfoxide solution journal December 1988
Electrochemical Reduction of Brønsted Acids by Glassy Carbon in Acetonitrile—Implications for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution journal July 2014
Determining the Overpotential for a Molecular Electrocatalyst journal December 2013
H 2 Evolution and Molecular Electrocatalysts: Determination of Overpotentials and Effect of Homoconjugation journal November 2010
Kinetic Analysis of Competitive Electrocatalytic Pathways: New Insights into Hydrogen Production with Nickel Electrocatalysts journal January 2016
Spectrophotometric Acidity Scale of Strong Neutral Brønsted Acids in Acetonitrile journal October 1998
Reaction Pathways of Hydrogen-Evolving Electrocatalysts: Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Processes journal May 2016
A nickel–manganese catalyst as a biomimic of the active site of NiFe hydrogenases: a combined electrocatalytical and DFT mechanistic study journal January 2011
Through-Space Charge Interaction Substituent Effects in Molecular Catalysis Leading to the Design of the Most Efficient Catalyst of CO 2 -to-CO Electrochemical Conversion journal December 2016
Ferrocene as an internal standard for electrochemical measurements journal September 1980
The Decamethylferrocenium/Decamethylferrocene Redox Couple:  A Superior Redox Standard to the Ferrocenium/Ferrocene Redox Couple for Studying Solvent Effects on the Thermodynamics of Electron Transfer journal July 1999
Conversion constants for redox potentials measured versus different reference electrodes in acetonitrile solutions at 25°C journal January 2000
Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry journal January 1996
Anomalous solubility of oxygen in acetonitrile/water mixture containing tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate supporting electrolyte; the solubility and diffusion coefficient of oxygen in anhydrous acetonitrile and aqueous mixtures journal January 2013
Solubility of Oxygen in Aqueous Solutions of KCl, K 2 SO 4 , and CaCl 2 as a Function of Concentration and Temperature journal July 2003
A new generalized Henry-Setschenow equation for predicting the solubility of air gases (oxygen, nitrogen and argon) in seawater and saline solutions journal October 2016
Experimental Limiting Oxygen Concentrations for Nine Organic Solvents at Temperatures and Pressures Relevant to Aerobic Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry journal August 2014
The Solubility of Oxygen and Ozone in Liquids journal April 1983
Effects of media and electrode materials on the electrochemical reduction of dioxygen journal September 1982
Modified winkler determination of oxygen in dimethylformamide: oxygen solubility as a function of partial pressure journal December 1969
Thermochemistry of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reagents and its Implications journal December 2010
Using combinations of oxidants and bases as PCET reactants: thermochemical and practical considerations journal January 2012
Toward the rational benchmarking of homogeneous H 2 -evolving catalysts journal January 2014
Turnover Numbers, Turnover Frequencies, and Overpotential in Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions. Cyclic Voltammetry and Preparative-Scale Electrolysis journal June 2012
Homogenous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Rates Correlate with Reaction Overpotential in Acidic Organic Solutions journal October 2016
A Synthetic Nickel Electrocatalyst with a Turnover Frequency Above 100,000 s-1 for H2 Production journal August 2011
Production of H2 at fast rates using a nickel electrocatalyst in water–acetonitrile solutions journal January 2013
Benchmarking of Homogeneous Electrocatalysts: Overpotential, Turnover Frequency, Limiting Turnover Number journal April 2015
Multielectron, Multistep Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions: Benchmarking of Homogeneous Catalysts journal June 2014
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction by Iron Tetra-arylporphyrins Bearing Pendant Proton Relays journal March 2012
Distant protonated pyridine groups in water-soluble iron porphyrin electrocatalysts promote selective oxygen reduction to water journal January 2012
Direct Comparison of Electrochemical and Spectrochemical Kinetics for Catalytic Oxygen Reduction journal August 2014
Evaluation of Homogeneous Electrocatalysts by Cyclic Voltammetry journal September 2014
Mechanism of Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Water by Ferrocene Derivatives in the Presence of Perchloric Acid in Benzonitrile, Catalyzed by Cofacial Dicobalt Porphyrins journal August 2004
Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by a Saddle-Distorted Cobalt Phthalocyanine journal February 2012
Temperature-Independent Catalytic Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by Ferrocenes with a Copper(II) Tris[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]amine Catalyst in the Presence of Perchloric Acid journal February 2013
Effective Reversible Potential, Energy Loss, and Overpotential on Platinum Fuel Cell Cathodes journal February 2011
Functional Independent Scaling Relation for ORR/OER Catalysts journal October 2016
Examining the Linearity of Transition State Scaling Relations journal May 2015
Tuning protein–protein interactions using cosolvents: specific effects of ionic and non-ionic additives on protein phase behavior journal January 2016
Activity Descriptor Identification for Oxygen Reduction on Nonprecious Electrocatalysts: Linking Surface Science to Coordination Chemistry journal October 2013
Theory of multiple proton–electron transfer reactions and its implications for electrocatalysis journal January 2013
In Situ Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline Aqueous Solution by using an Unmodified Gas Diffusion Electrode journal February 2015
Identifying and Breaking Scaling Relations in Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions journal August 2017
Metal ion-coupled and decoupled electron transfer journal February 2010
Mechanisms of metal ion-coupled electron transfer journal January 2012
Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications journal February 2016
Reduction of oxygen by ruthenium(II) ammines journal February 1980
Reactivity of HO 2 /O 2 Radicals in Aqueous Solution
  • Bielski, Benon H. J.; Cabelli, Diane E.; Arudi, Ravindra L.
  • Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555739
journal October 1985
A convenient route to superoxide ion in aqueous solution journal March 1983
Superoxide reactions with (isonicotinamide)pentaammineruthenium(II) and -(III) journal December 1980
Kinetics of aqueous outer-sphere electron-transfer reactions of superoxide ion. Implications concerning the dioxygen/superoxide (O2/O2-) self-exchange rate constant journal July 1984
Reactions of polypyridylchromium(II) ions with oxygen: determination of the self-exchange rate constant of oxygen O2/O2- journal July 1988
Determination of the rate constant of self-exchange of the oxygen O2/O2- couple in water by 18O/16O isotope marking journal September 1989
Oxygen Isotope Effects on Electron Transfer to O 2 Probed Using Chemically Modified Flavins Bound to Glucose Oxidase journal November 2004
Oxygen Isotope Effects as Probes of Electron Transfer Mechanisms and Structures of Activated O 2 journal February 2009
Outer-Sphere Oxidation of the Superoxide Radical Anion journal December 2007
Autoxidation of binuclear ruthenium(II) ammines journal July 1983
Reversible Reduction of Oxygen to Peroxide Facilitated by Molecular Recognition journal January 2012
Electron-Transfer Studies of a Peroxide Dianion journal April 2014
Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Peroxide Dianion journal December 2014
Hydrogen atom abstraction from amine complexes of iron(II), cobalt(II), and ruthenium(II) by superoxide: influence of driving force on rate journal December 1988
Autoxidation of the (sarcophagine)ruthenium(2+) complex involving hydrogen atom transfer to superoxide journal August 1988
Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design journal November 2013
Single Atom Hot-Spots at Au–Pd Nanoalloys for Electrocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production journal December 2011
Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for the Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide journal February 2012
Outer-sphere electron transfer kinetics of metal ion oxidation by molecular oxygen journal December 2002
Mechanism of superoxide ion disproportionation in aprotic solvents journal June 1987
Electrolytic reduction of oxygen in aprotic solvents: The superoxide ion journal August 1966
Electrochemistry of oxygen and superoxide ion in dimethylsulfoxide at platinum, gold and mercury electrodes journal August 1966
Acceleration of the Homogeneous and Electrochemical Reductions of Dioxygen in Aprotic Media by Ammonium Ions. Is the Driving Force a Function of NH 4 + Concentration? What Is the Mechanism of the Reaction? journal September 2007
Proton-induced disproportionation of superoxide ion in aprotic media journal March 1982
Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen to perhydroxyl (HO2.cntdot.) in aprotic solvents that contain Broensted acids journal May 1986
Activation of Electron-Transfer Reduction of Oxygen by Hydrogen Bond Formation of Superoxide Anion with Ammonium Ion journal September 2006
One-electron mechanism for the electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen journal February 1977
Electrochemical reduction of superoxide ion and oxidation of hydroxide ion in dimethyl sulfoxide journal January 1968
Electroreduction of oxygen in aprotic media journal July 1995
Electrochemical Approach to Concerted Proton and Electron Transfers. Reduction of the Water−Superoxide Ion Complex journal September 2005
Study of the Electrochemical Reduction of Dioxygen in Acetonitrile in the Presence of Weak Acids journal January 2006
Electrochemical Concerted Proton and Electron Transfers. Further Insights in the Reduction Mechanism of Superoxide Ion in the Presence of Water and Other Weak Acids journal February 2007
Direct and Cytochromec Mediated Electrochemistry of Bilirubin Oxidase on Gold journal August 2007
Mediated Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase. Catalysis and Inhibition journal December 2001
Electron transfer coupling of diffusional pathways. Homogeneous redox catalysis of dioxygen reduction by the methylviologen cation radical in acidic dimethylsulfoxide journal July 1985
Homogeneous redox catalysis of electrochemical reaction journal August 1984
Molecular catalysis of electrochemical reactions journal April 2017
Preparation and electrochemistry of several substituted 9-(4-R-phenyl)-N-methylacridinium salts. journal December 1993
Electroreduction of Oxygen in a Series of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Composed of Group 15-Centered Cations and Anions journal June 2004
Superoxide Protonation by Weak Acids in Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids journal March 2009
Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Ionic Liquids: The Addition of Protic Species journal April 2013
Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen in Some Hydrophobic Room-Temperature Molten Salt Systems journal January 2004
Effect of Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-based Ionic Liquids journal January 2014
The acceptor number ? A quantitative empirical parameter for the electrophilic properties of solvents journal January 1975
Correlation of homogeneous self-exchange and electrochemical rate data. Anomalously low reorganizational barriers in electron transfer reactions of cobalt complexes journal October 1973
Electron spin resonance spectra of ferricenium salts journal December 1971
Protonation of Metallocenes by Strong Acids. Structure of the Cation journal October 1960
Oxygen and proton reduction by decamethylferrocene in non-aqueous acidic media journal January 2010
H2O2 Generation by Decamethylferrocene at a Liquid|Liquid Interface journal June 2008
Oxygen and hydrogen peroxide reduction by 1,2-diferrocenylethane at a liquid/liquid interface journal August 2012
Oxygen reduction by decamethylferrocene at liquid/liquid interfaces catalyzed by dodecylaniline journal February 2010
Mechanism of oxygen reduction by metallocenes near liquid|liquid interfaces journal September 2014
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation at Liquid|Liquid Interface under Conditions Unfavorable for Proton Transfer from Aqueous to Organic Phase journal September 2013
Detection of hydrogen peroxide produced at a liquid/liquid interface using scanning electrochemical microscopy journal February 2009
Catalysis at the room temperature ionic liquid|water interface: H 2 O 2 generation journal January 2015
Kinetic differentiation of bulk/interfacial oxygen reduction mechanisms at/near liquid/liquid interfaces using scanning electrochemical microscopy journal October 2014
Electrochemical oxygen reduction at soft interfaces catalyzed by the transfer of hydrated lithium cations journal October 2014
Hydrogen and Hydrogen Peroxide Formation in Trifluorotoluene–Water Biphasic Systems journal September 2014
Regioselective protonation of ferrocene in superacid and formation of a C—H—Fe bond. An experimental and theoretical study of the structure and dynamics of the ferrocenonium ion journal June 1999
Enolization and oxidation: II. Oxidation of ferrocene by molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in acidic media journal January 1973
Common relationships of ferrocene oxidation with oxygen and sulfur dioxide in acid solutions and of its direct oxidation with carboxylic acids journal May 2007
Electrochemical evidence of catalysis of oxygen reduction at the polarized liquid–liquid interface by tetraphenylporphyrin monoacid and diacid journal October 2009
Fine tuning of the catalytic effect of a metal-free porphyrin on the homogeneous oxygen reduction journal January 2011
Thermodynamic driving force effects in the oxygen reduction catalyzed by a metal-free porphyrin journal November 2012
Competitive inhibition of a metal-free porphyrin oxygen-reduction catalyst by water journal January 2012
Metal-Free-Porphyrin-Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces journal February 2012
Catalytic two-electron reduction of dioxygen catalysed by metal-free [14]triphyrin(2.1.1) journal January 2015
Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by a Fluorinated Tetraphenylporphyrin Free Base at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces journal October 2010
Lewis Acid Coupled Electron Transfer of Metal-Oxygen Intermediates journal September 2015
ESR Spectra of Superoxide Anion−Scandium Complexes Detectable in Fluid Solution journal February 1999
Quantitative Evaluation of Lewis Acidity of Metal Ions with Different Ligands and Counterions in Relation to the Promoting Effects of Lewis Acids on Electron Transfer Reduction of Oxygen journal June 2003
Metallophthalocyanines as catalysts in electrochemical reactions journal October 1992
Models for the adsorption of dioxygen on metal chelates journal January 1990
Dioxygen activation chemistry by synthetic mononuclear nonheme iron, copper and chromium complexes journal March 2017
Activation of Dioxygen by Iron and Manganese Complexes: A Heme and Nonheme Perspective journal August 2016
Role of the Secondary Coordination Sphere in Metal-Mediated Dioxygen Activation journal April 2010
Role of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in O–O Bond Activation journal July 2007
Synthetic oxygen carriers related to biological systems journal April 1979
Synthetic Heme-Dioxygen Complexes journal May 1994
Structure and Spectroscopy of Copper−Dioxygen Complexes journal February 2004
Reactivity of Dioxygen−Copper Systems journal February 2004
Copper–Oxygen Complexes Revisited: Structures, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity journal January 2017
Nature of the Iron–Oxygen Bond in Oxyhæmoglobin journal July 1964
N -Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rh:  Reaction with Dioxygen without Oxidation journal March 2008
Dioxygen adducts of rhodium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes journal January 2013
Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen to Water with a Monomeric Manganese Complex at Room Temperature journal April 2011
Molecular Catalysis in a Fuel Cell journal September 2011
Simple Ligand Effects Switch a Hydrogenase Mimic between H 2 and O 2 Activation journal March 2012
Hydrogenation of a Rhodium Peroxido Complex by Formate Derivatives: Mechanistic Studies and the Catalytic Formation of H 2 O 2 from O 2 journal November 2012
Density Functional Theory Study of Transitional Metal Macrocyclic Complexes' Dioxygen-Binding Abilities and Their Catalytic Activities toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal May 2007
Homogeneous catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of dioxygen by a macrocyclic cobalt(III) complex journal December 1981
Effects of Coordination to a Macrocyclic Cobalt Complex on the Electrochemistry of Dioxygen, Superoxide, and Hydroperoxide journal May 1995
Analysis of Porphyrines as Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of O 2 and Oxidation of H 2 O journal January 2014
Probing structure-function relations in heme-containing oxygenases and peroxidases journal April 1988
On the role of the axial ligand in heme-based catalysis of the peroxidase and P450 type journal August 1996
The role of the proximal ligand in heme enzymes journal August 1996
When an amide is more like histidine than imidazole: the role of axial ligands in heme catalysis journal August 1996
Chemical properties of water-soluble porphyrins. 2. The reaction of iron(III) tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin with the superoxide radical dioxygen couple journal May 1982
Effects of Axial Coordination of the Metal Center on the Activity of Iron Tetraphenylporphyrin as a Nonprecious Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction journal August 2014
Imidazole ligand effect on O2 interaction with metalloporphyrins journal November 2007
The secondary coordination sphere and axial ligand effects on oxygen reduction reaction by iron porphyrins: a DFT computational study journal August 2016
Heme-Containing Oxygenases journal January 1996
Copper Active Sites in Biology journal January 2014
Catalytic mechanism of cytochrome P-450: evidence for a distal charge relay journal October 1992
Control of the catalytic activity of prosthetic heme by the structure of hemoproteins journal August 1987
Mechanism of Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes journal September 2004
Insights into metalloenzyme microenvironments: biomimetic metal complexes with a functional second coordination sphere journal January 2013
Synthetic Models for Heme−Copper Oxidases journal February 2004
Bioinspired Hydrogen Bond Motifs in Ligand Design:  The Role of Noncovalent Interactions in Metal Ion Mediated Activation of Dioxygen journal January 2005
Stereoelectronic factors in CO, NO and O2 binding to heme from vibrational spectroscopy and DFT analysis journal October 2001
On the significance of hydrogen bonds for the discrimination between CO and O2 by myoglobin journal February 1999
“Hangman” Porphyrins for the Assembly of a Model Heme Water Channel journal February 2001
Proton-Directed Redox Control of O−O Bond Activation by Heme Hydroperoxidase Models journal April 2007
Hangman Corroles: Efficient Synthesis and Oxygen Reaction Chemistry journal January 2011
Catalytic O−O Activation Chemistry Mediated by Iron Hangman Porphyrins with a Wide Range of Proton-Donating Abilities journal July 2003
Synthesis of sterically hindered xanthene-modified iron corroles with catalase-like activity journal January 2013
Electocatalytic Water Oxidation by Cobalt(III) Hangman β-Octafluoro Corroles journal June 2011
O–O bond splitting mechanism in cytochrome oxidase journal July 2000
Modeling Cytochrome Oxidase:  A Quantum Chemical Study of the O−O Bond Cleavage Mechanism journal December 2000
Phenol-Induced O–O Bond Cleavage in a Low-Spin Heme–Peroxo–Copper Complex: Implications for O 2 Reduction in Heme–Copper Oxidases journal June 2017
Concerted heavy-atom bond cleavage and proton and electron transfers illustrated by proton-assisted reductive cleavage of an O-O bond journal May 2011
Oxygen reduction reactivity of cobalt(ii) hangman porphyrins journal January 2010
The effects of hydrogen bonds on metal-mediated O2 activation and related processes journal January 2008
Synthesis and Reactivity of Tripodal Complexes Containing Pendant Bases journal August 2014
Synthetic Mononuclear Nonheme Iron–Oxygen Intermediates journal July 2015
Status of Reactive Non-Heme Metal–Oxygen Intermediates in Chemical and Enzymatic Reactions journal August 2014
Electron-transfer properties of high-valent metal-oxo complexes journal May 2013
Spectroscopic Capture and Reactivity of a Low-Spin Cobalt(IV)-Oxo Complex Stabilized by Binding Redox-Inactive Metal Ions journal July 2014
An Oxocobalt(IV) Complex Stabilized by Lewis Acid Interactions with Scandium(III) Ions journal December 2010
Autocatalytic Formation of an Iron(IV)–Oxo Complex via Scandium Ion-Promoted Radical Chain Autoxidation of an Iron(II) Complex with Dioxygen and Tetraphenylborate journal May 2014
Sc 3+ -Triggered Oxoiron(IV) Formation from O 2 and its Non-Heme Iron(II) Precursor via a Sc 3+ –Peroxo–Fe 3+ Intermediate journal May 2013
A Mononuclear Non-Heme Manganese(IV)–Oxo Complex Binding Redox-Inactive Metal Ions journal January 2013
Metal Ion-Coupled Electron Transfer of a Nonheme Oxoiron(IV) Complex: Remarkable Enhancement of Electron-Transfer Rates by Sc 3+ journal January 2011
A Manganese(V)–Oxo Complex: Synthesis by Dioxygen Activation and Enhancement of Its Oxidizing Power by Binding Scandium Ion journal June 2016
Nonredox Metal-Ions-Enhanced Dioxygen Activation by Oxidovanadium(IV) Complexes toward Hydrogen Atom Abstraction journal December 2016
A mononuclear nonheme iron(iii)–peroxo complex binding redox-inactive metal ions journal January 2013
Fine Control of the Redox Reactivity of a Nonheme Iron(III)-Peroxo Complex by Binding Redox-Inactive Metal Ions journal December 2016
Redox-inactive metal ions modulate the reactivity and oxygen release of mononuclear non-haem iron(III)–peroxo complexes journal September 2014
Iron(III) Complex of a Crown Ether−Porphyrin Conjugate and Reversible Binding of Superoxide to Its Iron(II) Form journal April 2007
Volume Profile Analysis for the Reversible Binding of Superoxide to Form Iron(II)-Superoxo/Iron(III)-Peroxo Porphyrin Complexes journal December 2010
Solution behavior of iron( iii ) and iron( ii ) porphyrins in DMSO and reaction with superoxide. Effect of neighboring positive charge on thermodynamics, kinetics and nature of iron-(su)peroxo product journal January 2012
A Heterobimetallic Superoxide Complex formed through O 2 Activation between Chromium(II) and a Lithium Cation journal December 2014
Synthesis and Characterization of Cofacial Metallodiporphyrins Involving Cobalt and Lewis Acid Metals: New Dinuclear Multielectron Redox Catalysts of Dioxygen Reduction journal November 1995
Catalytic Cycle of a Divanadium Complex with Salen Ligands in O 2 Reduction:  Two-Electron Redox Process of the Dinuclear Center (salen = N,N‘ -Ethylenebis(salicylideneamine)) journal January 1996
Catalysis of the Electroreduction of O 2 to H 2 O by Vanadium−salen Complexes in Acidified Dichloromethane journal July 1999
Electrochemical Properties of Vanadium(III,IV,V)−Salen Complexes in Acetonitrile. Four-Electron Reduction of O 2 by V(III)−Salen journal January 2000
Schiff Base Complexes of Vanadium(III, IV, V) as Catalysts for the Electroreduction of O 2 to H 2 O in Acetonitrile journal March 2001
High-Valent Chromium–Oxo Complex Acting as an Efficient Catalyst Precursor for Selective Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by a Ferrocene Derivative journal June 2014
A Redox-Active Ligand as a Reservoir for Protons and Electrons: O2 Reduction at Zirconium(IV) journal October 2011
Combination of Redox-Active Ligand and Lewis Acid for Dioxygen Reduction with π-Bound Molybdenum−Quinonoid Complexes journal January 2015
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen Using Water-Soluble Iron and Cobalt Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins journal October 1996
Phthalocyanine Metal Complexes in Catalysis journal June 2013
Electrochemistry of Corroles in Nonaqueous Media journal November 2016
Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies journal October 2016
Catalytic electroreduction of molecular oxygen using water soluble iron porphyrin journal April 1978
Rotating-ring-disk analysis of iron tetra(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin in electrocatalysis of oxygen journal November 1979
Electrochemistry of oxygen reduction. 4. Oxygen to water conversion by iron(II)(tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin) via hydrogen peroxide journal March 1983
Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction by water-soluble iron porphyrins journal August 1990
Molecular Catalysis of O 2 Reduction by Iron Porphyrins in Water: Heterogeneous versus Homogeneous Pathways journal October 2015
Unraveling the Phase-Transfer Catalysis Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Iron(III) meso -tetra-(4- N -Methyl-pyridyl) Porphine at the Liquid/Liquid Interface journal September 2016
Catalytic electroreduction of molecular oxygen using iron or cobalt 4,4',4",4'"-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine journal March 1985
Chemically Regenerative Redox Fuel Cells Using Iron Redox Couples as a Liquid Catalyst with Cocatalysts journal July 2016
Efficient reduction of dioxygen with ferrocene derivatives, catalyzed by metalloporphyrins in the presence of perchloric acid journal June 1989
Metalloporphyrin-Catalyzed Reduction of Dioxygen by Ferrocene Derivatives journal January 1989
Second Sphere Control of Redox Catalysis: Selective Reduction of O 2 to O 2 or H 2 O by an Iron Porphyrin Catalyst journal January 2013
Selective 4e /4H + O 2 Reduction by an Iron(tetraferrocenyl)Porphyrin Complex: From Proton Transfer Followed by Electron Transfer in Organic Solvent to Proton Coupled Electron Transfer in Aqueous Medium journal December 2013
Novel Multinuclear Catalysts for the Electroreduction of Dioxygen Directly to Water journal November 1997
Factors Determining the Rate and Selectivity of 4e /4H + Electrocatalytic Reduction of Dioxygen by Iron Porphyrin Complexes journal July 2017
Catalytic Reduction of O 2 by Cytochrome c Using a Synthetic Model of Cytochrome c Oxidase journal April 2009
Homogeneous catalytic O2 reduction to water by a cytochrome c oxidase model with trapping of intermediates and mechanistic insights journal August 2011
An experimental and theoretical study of the synthesis and vibrational spectroscopy of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) conference September 2004
Molecular Catalysts for Multielectron Redox Reactions of Small Molecules: The“Cofacial Metallodiporphyrin” Approach journal September 1994
Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction. 5. Oxygen to hydrogen peroxide conversion by cobalt(II) tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin journal November 1985
The use of an electrogenerated cobalt(I) porphyrin for the homogeneous catalytic reduction of dioxygen in dimethylformamide. Reactions of [(TMpyP)CoII]4+ and [(TMpyP)CoI]3+ where TMpyP = meso-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin journal October 1990
Synthesis and studies on the electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen by non-planar cobalt(II) tetrakis-(N-methyl pyridyl)-β-octabromoporphyrin journal August 1996
Electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen using non-planar cobalt tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrin journal April 1997
Inhibitory Effect of Water on the Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin journal March 2014
Water may inhibit oxygen binding in hemoprotein models journal February 2009
Oxidation-reduction reactions of complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Oxygen uptake kinetics, equilibriums and intermediates in aqueous CoII(N4) systems journal August 1980
Oxidation-reduction reactions of complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Role of intermediates in reactions of .mu.-peroxo-dicobalt complexes journal July 1981
Oxidation-reduction reactions of complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Electron-transfer reactivity of a 1:1 cobalt(II)-dioxygen adduct journal August 1984
Electrode catalysis of the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water by dicobalt face-to-face porphyrins journal September 1980
Formation and homolysis of a mononuclear cobalt-oxygen adduct journal March 1990
Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Studies on Metallophthalocyanine‐Oxygen Interactions in Nonaqueous Solutions journal April 1995
Clarification of the Oxidation State of Cobalt Corroles in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen journal June 2008
Efficient Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide with One-Electron Reductants with a Small Overpotential Catalyzed by a Cobalt Chlorin Complex journal February 2013
Much Enhanced Catalytic Reactivity of Cobalt Chlorin Derivatives on Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide journal January 2015
A Self-Assembled Cofacial Cobalt Porphyrin Prism for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis journal January 2017
Further studies of the dimeric .beta.-linked "face-to-face four" porphyrin: FTF4 journal May 1983
Electroreduction of oxygen by pillared cobalt(II) cofacial diporphyrin catalysts journal May 1984
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical quadruply aza bridged closely interspaced cofacial bis(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrins). 3. Interplanar distances, proton NMR chemical shifts, and the catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of oxygen journal June 1992
Dehydrogenation versus Oxygenation in Two-Electron and Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by 9-Alkyl-10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridines Catalyzed by Monomeric Cobalt Porphyrins and Cofacial Dicobalt Porphyrins in the Presence of Perchloric Acid journal December 2004
Catalytic Activity of Biscobalt Porphyrin-Corrole Dyads Toward the Reduction of Dioxygen journal March 2009
Remarkable oxygen affinity of a mixed valence dicobalt cofacial porphyrin CoIIICoIIFTF4 journal February 1986
Reactivity toward Dioxygen of Dicobalt Face-to-Face Diporphyrins in Aprotic Media. Experimental and Theoretical Aspects. Possible Mechanistic Implication in the Reduction of Dioxygen journal July 1997
Dioxygen Reduction at Dicobalt Complexes of a Schiff Base Calixpyrrole Ligand journal January 2007
Binuclear Cobalt Complexes of Schiff-Base Calixpyrroles and Their Roles in the Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen journal June 2009
Tailoring dicobalt Pacman complexes of Schiff-base calixpyrroles towards dioxygenreduction catalysis journal January 2010
Double-pillared cobalt Pacman complexes: synthesis, structures and oxygen reduction catalysis journal January 2012
Catalysis of the electroreduction of O2 by cobalt 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin dissolved in thin layers of benzonitrile on graphite electrodes journal July 2001
Molecular electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction at a polarised interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions by Co(II) tetraphenylporphyrin journal September 2007
Proton Pump for O 2 Reduction Catalyzed by 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt(II) journal February 2009
Oxygen reduction at a water-1,2-dichlorobenzene interface catalyzed by cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrine – A fuel cell approach journal August 2011
Dioxygen Reduction by Cobalt(II) Octaethylporphyrin at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces journal July 2010
Biomimetic Oxygen Reduction by Cofacial Porphyrins at a Liquid–Liquid Interface journal March 2012
Proton-Coupled O 2 Reduction Reaction Catalysed by Cobalt Phthalocyanine at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces journal May 2012
Fluorinated-cobalt phthalocyanine catalyzed oxygen reduction at liquid/liquid interfaces journal January 2013
Catalytic Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by Ferrocene Derivatives with Manganese(V) Corroles journal April 2015
Catalytic Electroreduction of Molecular Oxygen Using [5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(1-Methylpyridinium-4-Yl)Porphinato]Manganese journal December 1985
The production of hydrogen peroxide from dioxygen and hydroxylamine catalysed by manganese complexes journal January 1985
Production of hydrogen peroxide from dioxygen and hydroxylamine or hydrazine catalysed by manganese complexes journal January 1992
Dioxygen Activation and Catalytic Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide by a Thiolate-Bridged Dimanganese(II) Complex with a Pendant Thiol journal June 2015
A Hydrogen-Bond Facilitated Cycle for Oxygen Reduction by an Acid- and Base-Compatible Iron Platform journal November 2009
Mononuclear Copper Complex-Catalyzed Four-Electron Reduction of Oxygen journal May 2010
Enhanced Catalytic Four-Electron Dioxygen (O 2 ) and Two-Electron Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Reduction with a Copper(II) Complex Possessing a Pendant Ligand Pivalamido Group journal April 2013
Lewis Acid-Induced Change from Four- to Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by Copper Complexes Using Scandium Triflate journal February 2015
Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen by copper complexes with pyridylalkylamine ligands dissolved in aqueous buffer solution: the relationship between activity and redox potential journal January 2014
Factors That Control Catalytic Two- versus Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by Copper Complexes journal April 2012
Electron-Transfer Reduction of Dinuclear Copper Peroxo and Bis-μ-oxo Complexes Leading to the Catalytic Four-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Water journal January 2012
Cooperative Effects in Copper Polyamido­amine Dendrimer Complexes Catalyzing the Reduction of Molecular Oxygen: Cooperative Effects in Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Cu Complexes journal September 2015
Catalytic Four-Electron Reduction of O 2 via Rate-Determining Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer to a Dinuclear Cobalt-μ-1,2-peroxo Complex journal June 2012
Four-electron reduction of dioxygen catalysed by dinuclear cobalt complexes bridged by bis(terpyridyl)anthracene journal January 2013
Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen Using Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts journal November 2007
Highly Practical Copper(I)/TEMPO Catalyst System for Chemoselective Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols journal October 2011
Catalytic Oxidation of Organic Substrates by Molecular Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide by Multistep Electron Transfer—A Biomimetic Approach journal April 2008
Palladium Oxidase Catalysis: Selective Oxidation of Organic Chemicals by Direct Dioxygen-Coupled Turnover journal June 2004
CHEMISTRY: Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Organic Chemicals with O2 journal September 2005
Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Organic Reactions journal June 2013
Copper/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation: Mechanistic Assessment of Different Catalyst Systems journal October 2013
Mechanism of Copper(I)/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation journal January 2013
Room Temperature Aerobic Copper–Catalysed Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes journal June 2004
Catalytic Activity Dependency on Catalyst Components in Aerobic Copper-TEMPO Oxidation journal September 2009
Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes with oxygen and cupric ion, mediated by nitrosonium ion journal May 1984
Mechanism of Alcohol Oxidation Mediated by Copper(II) and Nitroxyl Radicals journal August 2014
Mechanism of the Copper/TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols journal December 2016
Co(salophen)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of p -Hydroquinone: Mechanism and Implications for Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis journal March 2016
Development of a monolith-based process for H2O2 production: from idea to large-scale implementation journal September 2001
Homogeneous Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions: Catalyst Benchmarking and Optimization Strategies journal June 2017

Cited By (50)

Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide journal January 2020
Efficient photocatalytic proton-coupled electron-transfer reduction of O 2 using a saddle-distorted porphyrin as a photocatalyst journal January 2019
Tuning the Activity of Heterogeneous Cofacial Cobalt Porphyrins for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis through Self-Assembly journal July 2018
Impact of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on the Reactivity of Cupric Superoxide Complexes with O−H and C−H Substrates journal December 2019
Molecular Engineering of a 3D Self‐Supported Electrode for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media journal December 2019
Metallosupramolecular Polymer Precursor Design for Multi-Element Co-Doped Carbon Shells with Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalytic Activity journal January 2019
Electronically varied manganese tris-arylacetamide tripodal complexes text January 2019
Trifluoromethylation for affecting the structural, electronic and redox properties of cobalt corroles journal January 2019
Metal–Organic Frameworks Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal December 2019
Visible-light-promoted oxidative halogenation of alkynes journal January 2019
A mixed-ion strategy to construct CNT-decorated Co/N-doped hollow carbon for enhanced oxygen reduction journal January 2018
Free‐Standing 3D Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide journal July 2019
The oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 flavodiiron proteins journal January 2019
Combining scaling relationships overcomes rate versus overpotential trade-offs in O 2 molecular electrocatalysis journal March 2020
Structure and reactivity of the first-row d-block metal-superoxo complexes journal January 2019
A General Method for Transition Metal Single Atoms Anchored on Honeycomb‐Like Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets journal January 2020
Liquefied Sunshine: Transforming Renewables into Fertilizers and Energy Carriers with Electromaterials journal November 2019
Carbon Nanotubes with Cobalt Corroles for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in pH 0–14 Solutions journal October 2018
Programmable Exposure of Pt Active Facets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction journal September 2019
A Phthalocyanine‐Based Layered Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal July 2019
Metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction based on trioxotriangulene journal May 2019
Active Sites and Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials journal October 2018
Small-molecule activation with iron porphyrins using electrons, photons and protons: some recent advances and future strategies journal January 2019
A bi-functional cobalt-porphyrinoid electrocatalyst: balance between overpotential and selectivity journal May 2019
Carbon Nanotubes with Cobalt Corroles for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in pH 0-14 Solutions journal October 2018
Triple hydrogen atom abstraction from Mn–NH 3 complexes results in cyclophosphazenium cations journal January 2019
Programmable Exposure of Pt Active Facets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction journal September 2019
A Phthalocyanine-Based Layered Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal July 2019
Electrochemical Minisci-type trifluoromethylation of electron-deficient heterocycles mediated by bromide ions journal January 2019
MOFs for Electrocatalysis: From Serendipity to Design Strategies journal December 2018
Hierarchical N-Doped Porous Carbons for Zn–Air Batteries and Supercapacitors journal January 2020
Controlled O 2 reduction at a mixed-valent (II,I) Cu 2 S core journal January 2020
Metal–Organic Frameworks Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction journal December 2019
Lattice-strained metal–organic-framework arrays for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis journal January 2019
Designing electrochemically reversible H2 oxidation and production catalysts journal August 2018
High-valence Cu II Cu III species in action: demonstration of aliphatic C–H bond activation at room temperature journal January 2019
Significantly improved electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by an asymmetrical Pacman dinuclear cobalt( ii ) porphyrin–porphyrin dyad journal January 2020
Synthetic access to new porphyrinoids from 2-nitro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and an arylacetonitrile journal October 2018
Proton-coupled electron transfer oxidation of O–H bond by the N-radical cation of Wurster's blue salt (TMPDA˙ + ) journal January 2019
Molecular Engineering of a 3D Self‐Supported Electrode for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media journal November 2019
Reactivity of rhodium and iridium peroxido complexes towards hydrogen in the presence of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 or [H(OEt 2 ) 2 ][B{3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 } 4 ] journal January 2018
Impact of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on the Reactivity of Cupric Superoxide Complexes with O−H and C−H Substrates journal October 2019
Polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatized azo-oximes of cobalt( iii ) for the ligand-redox controlled electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction journal January 2020
Fast Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by a Copper(II) Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine Complex through a Stepwise Mechanism journal June 2019
Directly immobilizing a Ru–tannic acid linkage coordination complex on carbon cloth: an efficient and ultrastable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction journal January 2019
Applications of the Marcus cross relation to inner sphere reduction of O 2 : implications in small-molecule activation journal January 2019
Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide journal January 2020
Electronically varied manganese tris-arylacetamide tripodal complexes journal March 2019
Fast Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by a Copper(II) Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine Complex through a Stepwise Mechanism journal July 2019
Postoperative pain in children: Comparison between ratings of children and nurses journal January 1996