India Is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide

Li, Can; McLinden, Chris; Fioletov, Vitali; Krotkov, Nickolay; Carn, Simon; Joiner, Joanna; Streets, David; He, Hao; Ren, Xinrong; Li, Zhanqing; Dickerson, Russell R.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14639-8

Title: India Is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide

Journal Article · Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14639-8· OSTI ID:1466387

Li, Can ^[1]; McLinden, Chris ^[2]; Fioletov, Vitali ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Joiner, Joanna ^[3]; Streets, David ^[5];

^[6];

^[7]; Li, Zhanqing ^[8]; Dickerson, Russell R. ^[6]

Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto (Canada)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Beijing Normal Univ., Beijing (China)

Severe haze is a major public health concern in China and India. Both countries rely heavily on coal for energy, and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emitted from coal-fired power plants and industry is a major pollutant contributing to their air quality problems. Timely, accurate information on SO₂ sources is a required input to air quality models for pollution prediction and mitigation. However, such information has been difficult to obtain for these two countries, as fast-paced changes in economy and environmental regulations have often led to unforeseen emission changes. Here we use satellite observations to show that China and India are on opposite trajectories for sulfurous pollution. Since 2007, emissions in China have declined by 75% while those in India have increased by 50%. With these changes, India is now surpassing China as the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic SO₂. This finding, not predicted by emission scenarios, suggests effective SO₂ control in China and lack thereof in India. Despite this, haze remains severe in China, indicating the importance of reducing emissions of other pollutants. In India, ~33 million people now live in areas with substantial SO₂ pollution. In conclusion, continued growth in emissions will adversely affect more people and further exacerbate morbidity and mortality.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Science Foundation of China; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1466387

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 84 works

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