Structured photocathodes for improved high-energy x-ray efficiency in streak cameras

Opachich, Y. P.; Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Chen, N.; Feng, J.; Gopal, A.; Hatch, B.; Hilsabeck, T. J.; Huffman, E.; Koch, J. A.; Landen, O. L.; MacPhee, A. G.; Nagel, S. R.; Udin, S.

doi:10.1063/1.4961302

Title: Structured photocathodes for improved high-energy x-ray efficiency in streak cameras

Journal Article · Mon Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4961302· OSTI ID:1464141

^[1]; Bell, P. M. ^[2]; Bradley, D. K. ^[2]; Chen, N. ^[3];

^[4]; Gopal, A. ^[3]; Hatch, B. ^[2]; Hilsabeck, T. J. ^[5]; Huffman, E. ^[1]; Koch, J. A. ^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Udin, S. ^[3]

National Security Technologies, LLC (NSTec), Livermore, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Nanoshift LLC, Emeryville, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Here, we have designed and fabricated a structured streak camera photocathode to provide enhanced efficiency for high energy X-rays (1-12 keV). This gold coated photocathode was tested in a Diagnosing Energetic Radiation with streak camera and compared side by side against a conventional flat thin film photocathode. Results show that the measured electron yield enhancement at energies ranging from 1 to 10 keV scales well with predictions, and that the total enhancement can be more than 3x. The spatial resolution of the streak camera does not show degradation in the structured region. We predict that the temporal resolution of the detector will also not be affected as it is currently dominated by the slit width. This demonstration with Au motivates exploration of comparable enhancements with CsI and may revolutionize X-ray streak camera photocathode design.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC52-06NA25946; DOE/NV/25946–2838

OSTI ID:: 1464141

Journal Information:: Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11; Related Information: © 2016 Author(s).; ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 1 work

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References (10)

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The commissioning of the advanced radiographic capability laser system: experimental and modeling results at the main laser output Di Nicola, J. M.; Yang, S. T.; Boley, C. D. SPIE LASE, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2080459	conference	February 2015
Precision fabrication of large area silicon-based geometrically enhanced x-ray photocathodes using plasma etching Opachich, Y. P.; Chen, N.; Bell, P. M. SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186622	conference	August 2015
Measuring x-ray burn history with the Streaked Polar Instrumentation for Diagnosing Energetic Radiation (SPIDER) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Khan, S. F.; Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K. SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.930032	conference	October 2012
High quantum efficiency photocathode simulation for the investigation of novel structured designs Opachich, Y. P.; Ross, P. W.; MacPhee, A. G. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4893942	journal	November 2014
The characterization of x‐ray photocathodes in the 0.1–10‐keV photon energy region Henke, B. . L.; Knauer, J. P.; Premaratne, K. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.329789	journal	March 1981
Dilation x-ray imager a new/faster gated x-ray imager for the NIF Nagel, S. R.; Hilsabeck, T. J.; Bell, P. M. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4732849	journal	October 2012
Performance of a CsI photocathode in a hard x-ray streak camera Hara, Toru; Tanaka, Yoshihito; Kitamura, Hideo Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 71, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1311935	journal	January 2000
An improved model for ultraviolet- and x-ray-induced electron emission from CsI Boutboul, T.; Akkerman, A.; Gibrekhterman, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.371601	journal	November 1999
Pulse-dilation enhanced gated optical imager with 5 ps resolution (invited) Hilsabeck, T. J.; Hares, J. D.; Kilkenny, J. D. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3479111	journal	October 2010

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46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
42 ENGINEERING
spatial resolution
gold
x-ray detectors
image sensors
x-ray imaging
etching
cathodes
photocathodes
cameras
surface structure

Title: Structured photocathodes for improved high-energy x-ray efficiency in streak cameras

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