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Title: Sequence-based analysis of the genus Ruminococcus resolves its phylogeny and reveals strong host association

Journal Article · · Microbial Genomics
 [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Bacteriology
  2. Leibniz Inst. German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Braunschweig (Germany)

It has become increasingly clear that the composition of mammalian gut microbial communities is substantially diet driven. These microbiota form intricate mutualisms with their hosts, which have profound implications on overall health. For example, many gut microbes are involved in the conversion of host-ingested dietary polysaccharides into host-usable nutrients. One group of important gut microbial symbionts are bacteria in the genus Ruminococcus. Originally isolated from the bovine rumen, ruminococci have been found in numerous mammalian hosts, including other ruminants, and non-ruminants such as horses, pigs and humans. All ruminococci require fermentable carbohydrates for growth, and their substrate preferences appear to be based on the diet of their particular host. Most ruminococci that have been studied are those capable of degrading cellulose, much less is known about non-cellulolytic non-ruminant-associated species, and even less is known about the environmental distribution of ruminococci as a whole. For this study, we capitalized on the wealth of publicly available 16S rRNA gene sequences, genomes and large-scale microbiota studies to both resolve the phylogenetic placement of described species in the genus Ruminococcus, and further demonstrate that this genus has largely unexplored diversity and a staggering host distribution. We present evidence that ruminococci are predominantly associated with herbivores and omnivores, and our data supports the hypothesis that very few ruminococci are found consistently in non-host-associated environments. This study not only helps to resolve the phylogeny of this important genus, but also provides a framework for understanding its distribution in natural systems.

Research Organization:
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0008104
OSTI ID:
1463886
Journal Information:
Microbial Genomics, Vol. 2, Issue 12; ISSN 2057-5858
Publisher:
Society for General MicrobiologyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 51 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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The Ruminococci: key symbionts of the gut ecosystem journal February 2018
Hass Avocado Inclusion in a Weight-Loss Diet Supported Weight Loss and Altered Gut Microbiota: A 12-Week Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Trial journal June 2019
Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue journal May 2019
The Pacific harbor seal gut microbiota in Mexico: Its relationship with diet and functional inferences journal August 2019
Detection of Increased Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels and Prevalence of Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus in the Feces of Type 2 Diabetes Patients journal September 2017
Intestinal Dysbiosis in Autoimmune Diabetes Is Correlated With Poor Glycemic Control and Increased Interleukin-6: A Pilot Study journal July 2018
The Impact of Cholecystectomy on the Gut Microbiota: A Case-Control Study journal January 2019