[Cu(aq)]2+ is structurally plastic and the axially elongated octahedron goes missing

Frank, Patrick; Benfatto, Maurizio; Qayyum, Munzarin

doi:10.1063/1.5024693

Title: [Cu(aq)]²⁺ is structurally plastic and the axially elongated octahedron goes missing

Journal Article · Wed May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Chemical Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5024693· OSTI ID:1458530

^[1]; Benfatto, Maurizio ^[2]; Qayyum, Munzarin ^[3]

Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Lab. Nazionali di Frascati-INFN, Frascati (Italy)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); Intel Corp., Hillsboro, OR (United States)

High resolution (k = 18 Å^–1 or k = 17 Å^–1) copper K-edge EXAFS and MXAN (Minuit X-ray Absorption Near Edge) analyses have been used to investigate the structure of dissolved [Cu(aq)]²⁺ in 1,3-propanediol (1,3-P) or 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-P) aqueous frozen glasses. EXAFS analysis invariably found a single axially asymmetric 6-coordinate (CN6) site, with 4×O_eq = 1.97 Å, O_ax1 = 2.22 Å, and O_ax2 = 2.34 Å, plus a second-shell of 4×O_water = 3.6 Å. However, MXAN analysis revealed that [Cu(aq)]²⁺ occupies both square pyramidal (CN5) and axially asymmetric CN6 structures. The square pyramid included 4×H₂O = 1.95 Å and 1×H₂O = 2.23 Å. The CN6 sites included either a capped, near perfect, square pyramid with 5×H₂O = 1.94 ± 0.04 Å and H₂O_ax = 2.22 Å (in 1,3-P) or a split axial configuration with 4×H₂O = 1.94, H₂O_ax1 = 2.14 Å, and H₂O_ax2 = 2.28 Å (in 1,5-P). The CN6 sites also included an 8-H₂O second-shell near 3.7 Å, which was undetectable about the strictly pyramidal sites. Equatorial angles averaging 94° ± 5° indicated significant departures from tetragonal planarity. MXAN assessment of the solution structure of [Cu(aq)]²⁺ in 1,5-P prior to freezing revealed the same structures as previously found in aqueous 1M HClO₄, which have become axially compressed in the frozen glasses. [Cu(aq)]²⁺ in liquid and frozen solutions is dominated by a 5-coordinate square pyramid, but with split axial CN6 appearing in the frozen glasses. Among these phases, the Cu–O axial distances vary across 1 Å, and the equatorial angles depart significantly from the square plane. Although all these structures remove the d_x²–y², d_z² degeneracy, no structure can be described as a Jahn-Teller (JT) axially elongated octahedron. The JT-octahedral description for dissolved [Cu(aq)]²⁺ should thus be abandoned in favor of square pyramidal [Cu(H₂O)₅]²⁺. The revised ligand environments have bearing on questions of the Cu(i)/Cu(ii) self-exchange rate and on the mechanism for ligand exchange with bulk water. In conclusion, the plasticity of dissolved Cu(ii) complex ions falsifies the foundational assumption of the rack-induced bonding theory of blue copper proteins and obviates any need for a thermodynamically implausible protein constraint.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; P41GM103393

OSTI ID:: 1458530

Journal Information:: Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 148, Issue 20; ISSN 0021-9606

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 7 works

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