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Title: The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios

Abstract

Here, we present an innovative instrument telescope and describe a retrieval method to probe three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of atmospheric trace gases that are relevant to air pollution and tropospheric chemistry. The University of Colorado (CU) two-dimensional (2-D) multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument measures nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), oxygen dimer (O2–O2, or O4), and water vapor (H2O); nitrous acid (HONO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and iodine monoxide (IO) are among other gases that can in principle be measured. Information about aerosols is derived through coupling with a radiative transfer model (RTM). The 2-D telescope has three modes of operation: mode 1 measures solar scattered photons from any pair of elevation angle (–20° < EA < +90° or zenith; zero is to the horizon) and azimuth angle (–180° < AA < +180°; zero being north); mode 2 measures any set of azimuth angles (AAs) at constant elevation angle (EA) (almucantar scans); and mode 3 tracks the direct solar beam via a separate view port. Vertical profiles of trace gases are measured and used to estimate mixing layer height (MLH). Horizontal distributions are then derived using MLH and parameterization of RTM (Sinreich et al., 2013). NO2 is evaluatedmore » at different wavelengths (350, 450, and 560 nm), exploiting the fact that the effective path length varies systematically with wavelength. The area probed is constrained by O4 observations at nearby wavelengths and has a diurnal mean effective radius of 7.0 to 25 km around the instrument location; i.e., up to 1960 km2 can be sampled with high time resolution. The instrument was deployed as part of the Multi-Axis DOAS Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) in Mainz, Germany, from 7 June to 6 July 2013. We present first measurements (modes 1 and 2 only) and describe a four-step retrieval to derive (a) boundary layer vertical profiles and MLH of NO2; (b) near-surface horizontal distributions of NO2; (c) range-resolved NO2 horizontal distribution measurements using an "onion-peeling" approach; and (d) the ratios HCHO to NO2 (RFN), CHOCHO to NO2 (RGN), and CHOCHO to HCHO (RGF) at 14 pre-set azimuth angles distributed over a 360° view. Three-dimensional distribution measurements with 2-D-MAX-DOAS provide an innovative, regional perspective of trace gases as well as their spatial and temporal concentration gradients, and they maximize information to compare near-surface observations with atmospheric models and satellites.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO (United States)
  2. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  3. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO (United States); Original Code Consulting, Boulder, CO (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1457367
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0006080
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1867-8548
Publisher:
European Geosciences Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Ortega, I., Koenig, T., Sinreich, R., Thomson, D., and Volkamer, Rainer. The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015.
Ortega, I., Koenig, T., Sinreich, R., Thomson, D., & Volkamer, Rainer. The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015
Ortega, I., Koenig, T., Sinreich, R., Thomson, D., and Volkamer, Rainer. 2015. "The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1457367.
@article{osti_1457367,
title = {The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios},
author = {Ortega, I. and Koenig, T. and Sinreich, R. and Thomson, D. and Volkamer, Rainer},
abstractNote = {Here, we present an innovative instrument telescope and describe a retrieval method to probe three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of atmospheric trace gases that are relevant to air pollution and tropospheric chemistry. The University of Colorado (CU) two-dimensional (2-D) multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument measures nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), oxygen dimer (O2–O2, or O4), and water vapor (H2O); nitrous acid (HONO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and iodine monoxide (IO) are among other gases that can in principle be measured. Information about aerosols is derived through coupling with a radiative transfer model (RTM). The 2-D telescope has three modes of operation: mode 1 measures solar scattered photons from any pair of elevation angle (–20° < EA < +90° or zenith; zero is to the horizon) and azimuth angle (–180° < AA < +180°; zero being north); mode 2 measures any set of azimuth angles (AAs) at constant elevation angle (EA) (almucantar scans); and mode 3 tracks the direct solar beam via a separate view port. Vertical profiles of trace gases are measured and used to estimate mixing layer height (MLH). Horizontal distributions are then derived using MLH and parameterization of RTM (Sinreich et al., 2013). NO2 is evaluated at different wavelengths (350, 450, and 560 nm), exploiting the fact that the effective path length varies systematically with wavelength. The area probed is constrained by O4 observations at nearby wavelengths and has a diurnal mean effective radius of 7.0 to 25 km around the instrument location; i.e., up to 1960 km2 can be sampled with high time resolution. The instrument was deployed as part of the Multi-Axis DOAS Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) in Mainz, Germany, from 7 June to 6 July 2013. We present first measurements (modes 1 and 2 only) and describe a four-step retrieval to derive (a) boundary layer vertical profiles and MLH of NO2; (b) near-surface horizontal distributions of NO2; (c) range-resolved NO2 horizontal distribution measurements using an "onion-peeling" approach; and (d) the ratios HCHO to NO2 (RFN), CHOCHO to NO2 (RGN), and CHOCHO to HCHO (RGF) at 14 pre-set azimuth angles distributed over a 360° view. Three-dimensional distribution measurements with 2-D-MAX-DOAS provide an innovative, regional perspective of trace gases as well as their spatial and temporal concentration gradients, and they maximize information to compare near-surface observations with atmospheric models and satellites.},
doi = {10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1457367}, journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)},
issn = {1867-8548},
number = 6,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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Cited by: 35 works
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Works referenced in this record:

The CU Airborne MAX-DOAS instrument: vertical profiling of aerosol extinction and trace gases
journal, January 2013


Estimation of the mass absorption cross section of the organic carbon component of aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
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Intercomparison of Formaldehyde Measurements in Clean and Polluted Atmospheres
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Observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde as metrics for the anthropogenic impact on rural photochemistry
journal, January 2012


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journal, January 2013


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journal, January 2007


Remote Sensing Methods to Investigate Boundary-layer Structures relevant to Air Pollution in Cities
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Application of OMI, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2 satellite SO 2 retrievals for detection of large emission sources : OMI, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2 satellite SO
journal, October 2013


New ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of BrO at atmospheric temperatures measured by time-windowing Fourier transform spectroscopy
journal, November 2004


MAX-DOAS O 4 measurements: A new technique to derive information on atmospheric aerosols: 2. Modeling studies
journal, January 2006


Camtracker: a new camera controlled high precision solar tracker system for FTIR-spectrometers
journal, January 2011


Anomalous Fraunhofer Line Profiles
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MAX-DOAS measurements of formaldehyde in the Po-Valley
journal, January 2005


Four years of ground-based MAX-DOAS observations of HONO and NO 2 in the Beijing area
journal, January 2014


Direct observation of two dimensional trace gas distributions with an airborne Imaging DOAS instrument
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Multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)
journal, January 2004


Eight-component retrievals from ground-based MAX-DOAS observations
journal, January 2011


Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere
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Remote sensing capabilities of the Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper
conference, August 2009


MAX-DOAS measurements in southern China: retrieval of aerosol extinctions and validation using ground-based in-situ data
journal, January 2010


Ground-based imaging differential optical absorption spectroscopy of atmospheric gases
journal, January 2004


Temperature dependence of the absorption cross sections of formaldehyde between 223 and 323 K in the wavelength range 225-375 nm
journal, March 2000


Airborne DOAS measurements in Arctic: vertical distributions of aerosol extinction coefficient and NO 2 concentration
journal, January 2011


Airborne MAX-DOAS measurements over California: Testing the NASA OMI tropospheric NO 2 product : AMAX-DOAS TESTING OF NASA OMI NO2 (v2.1)
journal, July 2013


MAX-DOAS formaldehyde slant column measurements during CINDI: intercomparison and analysis improvement
journal, January 2013


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journal, January 2012


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Airborne DOAS limb measurements of tropospheric trace gas profiles: case studies on the profile retrieval of O 4 and BrO
journal, January 2011


Characterization and error analysis of profiles retrieved from remote sounding measurements
journal, January 1990


Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO 2 and O 4 by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers
journal, January 2010


HITEMP, the high-temperature molecular spectroscopic database
journal, October 2010


The 2010 California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field study: CalNex 2010 FIELD PROJECT OVERVIEW
journal, June 2013


Estimation of NO x emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data
journal, January 2011


Multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) of gas and aerosol distributions
journal, January 2005


Ship-based detection of glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean
journal, January 2010


Parameterizing radiative transfer to convert MAX-DOAS dSCDs into near-surface box-averaged mixing ratios
journal, January 2013


Methods for determining regularization for atmospheric retrieval problems
journal, January 2002


Instrument intercomparison of glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and NO 2 under simulated atmospheric conditions
journal, January 2015


Comparisons of in situ and long path measurements of NO 2 in urban plumes
journal, January 2003


Measurements of the NO2 absorption cross-section from 42 000 cm−1 to 10 000 cm−1 (238–1000 nm) at 220 K and 294 K
journal, March 1998


Interferences of commercial NO 2 instruments in the urban atmosphere and in a smog chamber
journal, January 2012


Ability of the MAX-DOAS method to derive profile information for NO 2 : can the boundary layer and free troposphere be separated?
journal, January 2011


High-resolution absorption cross-section of glyoxal in the UV–vis and IR spectral ranges
journal, May 2005


A missing sink for gas-phase glyoxal in Mexico City: Formation of secondary organic aerosol
journal, January 2007


NO 2 lidar profile measurements for satellite interpretation and validation
journal, January 2009


GOME-2 observations of oxygenated VOCs: what can we learn from the ratio glyoxal to formaldehyde on a global scale?
journal, January 2010


Three-dimensional simulation of the Ring effect in observations of scattered sun light using Monte Carlo radiative transfer models
journal, January 2009


MAX-DOAS measurements of atmospheric trace gases in Ny-Ålesund - Radiative transfer studies and their application
journal, January 2004


Multiple wavelength retrieval of tropospheric aerosol optical properties from MAXDOAS measurements in Beijing
journal, January 2010


Eight-component retrievals from ground-based MAX-DOAS observations
journal, January 2011


MAXDOAS formaldehyde slant column measurements during CINDI: intercomparison and analysis improvement
journal, January 2012


Ship-based detection of glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean
posted_content, June 2010


GOME-2 observations of oxygenated VOCs: what can we learn from the ratio glyoxal to formaldehyde on a global scale?
posted_content, August 2010


Observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde as metrics for the anthropogenic impact on rural photochemistry
posted_content, February 2012


MAX-DOAS measurements of formaldehyde in the Po-Valley
posted_content, February 2004


Highly resolved global distribution of tropospheric NO2 using GOME narrow swath mode data
posted_content, March 2004


The Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI): design, execution, and early results
posted_content, September 2011


Works referencing / citing this record:

First MAX-DOAS Observations of Formaldehyde and Glyoxal in Phimai, Thailand
journal, September 2018


Daytime HONO, NO2 and aerosol distributions from MAX-DOAS observations in Melbourne
journal, January 2018


The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space
journal, January 2018


Near-surface and path-averaged mixing ratios of NO2 derived from car DOAS zenith-sky and tower DOAS off-axis measurements in Vienna: a case study
journal, January 2019


Investigating differences in DOAS retrieval codes using MAD-CAT campaign data
journal, January 2017


An improved total and tropospheric NO2 column retrieval for GOME-2
journal, January 2019


NO2 vertical profiles and column densities from MAX-DOAS measurements in Mexico City
journal, January 2019


Full-azimuthal imaging-DOAS observations of NO2 and O4 during CINDI-2
journal, January 2019


Intercomparison of aerosol extinction profiles retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements
journal, January 2016


Investigating differences in DOAS retrieval codes using MAD-CAT campaign data
posted_content, November 2016


Daytime HONO, NO2 and aerosol distributions from MAX-DOAS observations in Melbourne
posted_content, May 2018


Intercomparison of aerosol extinction profiles retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements
posted_content, January 2016