Nuclear Reactions in the Crusts of Accreting Neutron Stars

Lau, Rita; Beard, Mary; Gupta, Sanjib S.; Schatz, H.; Afanasjev, A. V.; Brown, Edward F.; Deibel, A. T.; Gasques, Leandro R.; Hitt, George Wesley; Hix, William Raphael; Keek, Laurens; Moller, Peter; Shternin, Peter S.; Steiner, Andrew W.; Wiescher, Michael; Xu, Yi

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aabfe0

Title: Nuclear Reactions in the Crusts of Accreting Neutron Stars

Journal Article · Thu May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabfe0· OSTI ID:1454393

Lau, Rita ^[1]; Beard, Mary ^[2]; Gupta, Sanjib S. ^[3];

^[4]; Afanasjev, A. V. ^[5]; Brown, Edward F. ^[4];

^[6]; Gasques, Leandro R. ^[7]; Hitt, George Wesley ^[8];

^[9]; Keek, Laurens ^[10]; Moller, Peter ^[11]; Shternin, Peter S. ^[12];

^[13]; Wiescher, Michael ^[2]; Xu, Yi ^[14]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States); Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)
Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab (India)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States); Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
Instituto de Fisica da Univ. de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Coastal Carolina Univ., Conway, SC (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Ioffe Institute, Saint Petersburg (Russia)
Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Ilfov (Romania)

X-ray observations of transiently accreting neutron stars during quiescence provide information about the structure of neutron star crusts and the properties of dense matter. Interpretation of the observational data requires an understanding of the nuclear reactions that heat and cool the crust during accretion and define its non-equilibrium composition. We identify here in detail the typical nuclear reaction sequences down to a depth in the inner crust where the mass density is rho = 2 times 10^12 g cm-3 using a full nuclear reaction network for a range of initial compositions. The reaction sequences differ substantially from previous work. We find a robust reduction of crust impurity at the transition to the inner crust regardless of initial composition, though shell effects can delay the formation of a pure crust somewhat to densities beyond rho = 2 times 10^12 g cm^-3. This naturally explains the small inner crust impurity inferred from observations of a broad range of systems. The exception are initial compositions with A > 102 nuclei, where the inner crust remains impure with an impurity parameter of Qimp≈20 owing to the N=82 shell closure. In agreement with previous work, we find that nuclear heating is relatively robust and independent of initial composition, while cooling via nuclear Urca cycles in the outer crust depends strongly on initial composition. This work forms a basis for future studies of the sensitivity of crust models to nuclear physics and provides profiles of composition for realistic crust models.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0013037; AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1454393

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1459442; OSTI ID: 1463562

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-18-22864; TRN: US1901006

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 859, Issue 1; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 25 works

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Continued cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crust in the X-ray transient IGR J17480–2446 located in the globular cluster Terzan 5 Ootes, L. S.; Vats, S.; Page, D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1406	journal	May 2019
Nuclear physics of the outer layers of accreting neutron stars Meisel, Zach; Deibel, Alex; Keek, Laurens Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/aad171	journal	July 2018
Long-term temperature evolution of neutron stars undergoing episodic accretion outbursts Ootes, L. S.; Wijnands, R.; Page, D. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 630 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936035	journal	September 2019
Quiescent X-ray variability in the neutron star Be/X-ray transient GRO J1750−27 Rouco Escorial, A.; Wijnands, R.; Ootes, L. S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 630 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834327	journal	September 2019
Spallation-altered Accreted Compositions for X-Ray Bursts: Impact on Ignition Conditions and Burst Ashes Randhawa, J. S.; Meisel, Z.; Giuliani, S. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4f71	journal	December 2019
Crust of accreting neutron stars within simplified reaction network Shchechilin, N. N.; Chugunov, A. I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2838	journal	October 2019
Neutron transfer reactions in accreting neutron stars Chugunov, A. I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 483, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly218	journal	November 2018
Crust-cooling Models Are Insensitive to the Crust–Core Transition Pressure for Realistic Equations of State Lalit, Sudhanva; Meisel, Zach; Brown, Edward F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab338c	journal	September 2019
Thermal evolution and quiescent emission of transiently accreting neutron stars Potekhin, A. Y.; Chugunov, A. I.; Chabrier, G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 629 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936003	journal	September 2019
Continued cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crust in the X-ray transient IGR J17480-2446 located in the globular cluster Terzan 5 Ootes, L. S.; Vats, S.; Page, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.00610	text	January 2018
Nuclear Physics of the Outer Layers of Accreting Neutron Stars Meisel, Zach; Deibel, Alex; Keek, Laurens arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.01150	text	January 2018
Quiescent X-ray variability in the neutron star Be/X-ray transient GRO J1750-27 Escorial, A. Rouco; Wijnands, R.; Ootes, L. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.10264	text	January 2018
Spallation-altered accreted compositions for X-ray bursts: Impact on ignition conditions and burst ashes Randhawa, J. S.; Meisel, Z.; Giuliani, S. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.07614	text	January 2019
Crust of accreting neutron stars within simplified reaction network Shchechilin, Nikolay N.; Chugunov, Andrey I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.03932	text	January 2019

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