Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars

Edwards, Peter H.; Bridges, John C.; Wiens, Roger Craig; Anderson, Ryan B.; Dyar, Darby; Fisk, Martin; Thompson, Lucy; Gasda, Patrick; Filiberto, Justin; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Blaney, Diana; Hutchinson, Ian

doi:10.1111/maps.12953

Title: Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars

Journal Article · Thu Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Meteoritics and Planetary Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12953· OSTI ID:1412898

Edwards, Peter H. ^[1];

^[1];

^[2]; Anderson, Ryan B. ^[3]; Dyar, Darby ^[4]; Fisk, Martin ^[5];

^[6];

^[2]; Filiberto, Justin ^[7]; Schwenzer, Susanne P. ^[8]; Blaney, Diana ^[9]; Hutchinson, Ian ^[1]

Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom). Leicester Inst. for Space and Earth Observation, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Astrogeology Science Center
Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (United States). Mineral Spectroscopy Lab.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences
Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Canada). Planetary and Space Science Centre
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL (United States). Geology Dept.
Open Univ., Milton Keynes (United Kingdom). Dept. of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.

The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at ~55 wt% SiO₂ and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47–51 wt% SiO₂ and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of basaltic material, with a focus of compositions around Mg# = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type basalt compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the basalt endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parental melts thought to be associated with Tharsis and the Northern Lowlands. Finally, the Gale Crater catchment sampled a mixture of this tholeiitic basalt along with alkaline igneous material, together giving some analogies to terrestrial intraplate magmatic provinces.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE; UKSA

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1412898

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-27681; TRN: US1800404

Journal Information:: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Vol. 52, Issue 11; ISSN 1086-9379

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 26 works

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