Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

Finegan, Donal P.; Tjaden, Bernhard; M. M. Heenan, Thomas; Jervis, Rhodri; Michiel, Marco Di; Rack, Alexander; Hinds, Gareth; Brett, Dan J.  L.; Shearing, Paul R.

doi:10.1149/2.1501713jes

Title: Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

Journal Article · Tue Oct 31 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1501713jes· OSTI ID:1412833

Finegan, Donal P. ^[1]; Tjaden, Bernhard ^[2]; M. M. Heenan, Thomas ^[2]; Jervis, Rhodri ^[2]; Michiel, Marco Di ^[3]; Rack, Alexander ^[3]; Hinds, Gareth ^[4]; Brett, Dan J. L. ^[2]; Shearing, Paul R. ^[2]

Univ. College London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemical Engineering; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center
Univ. College London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRP), Grenoble (France)
National Physical Lab., Middlesex (United Kingdom)

Mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries is widely used during testing to induce thermal runaway, characterize associated risks, and expose cell and module vulnerabilities. But, the repeatability of puncture or 'nail penetration' tests is a key issue as there is often a high degree of variability in the resulting thermal runaway process. Here, the failure mechanisms of 18650 cells punctured at different locations and orientations are characterized with respect to their internal structural degradation, and both their internal and surface temperature, all of which are monitored in real time. The initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is visualized via high-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography at 2000 frames per second, and the surface and internal temperatures are recorded via infrared imaging and a thermocouple embedded in the tip of the penetrating nail, respectively. The influence of the nail, as well as how and where it penetrates the cell, on the initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is described and the suitability of this test method for representing in-field failures is discussed.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: British Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1412833

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5400-68877; TRN: US1800370

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 13; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 69 works

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New Insights into Nail Penetration of Li‐Ion Batteries: Effects of Heterogeneous Contact Resistance Chen, Meijie; Ye, Qin; Shi, Changmin Batteries & Supercaps, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.201900081	journal	July 2019
The indentation analysis triggering internal short circuit of lithium-ion pouch battery based on shape function theory Hao, Wenqian; Xie, Jiamiao; Wang, Fenghui International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 42, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4109	journal	May 2018
4D imaging of lithium-batteries using correlative neutron and X-ray tomography with a virtual unrolling technique Ziesche, Ralf F.; Arlt, Tobias; Finegan, Donal P. Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13943-3	journal	February 2020
A Coupled Electrochemical-Thermal Failure Model for Predicting the Thermal Runaway Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Feng, Xuning; He, Xiangming; Ouyang, Minggao Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0311816jes	journal	January 2018
Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway Propagation Risk within 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Modules Zhong, Guobin; Li, Huang; Wang, Chao Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0461809jes	journal	January 2018
Analysis on the Fault Features for Internal Short Circuit Detection Using an Electrochemical-Thermal Coupled Model Feng, X.; He, X.; Lu, L. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0501802jes	journal	January 2018
Review—Understanding the Thermal Runaway Behavior of Li-Ion Batteries through Experimental Techniques Jindal, Puneet; Bhattacharya, Jishnu Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1381910jes	journal	January 2019

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