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Title: Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds

Abstract

The graphite-to-diamond transformation under shock compression has been of broad scientific interest since 1961. The formation of hexagonal diamond (HD) is of particular interest because it is expected to be harder than cubic diamond and due to its use in terrestrial sciences as a marker at meteorite impact sites. However, the formation of diamond having a fully hexagonal structure continues to be questioned and remains unresolved. Using real-time (nanosecond), in situ x-ray diffraction measurements, we show unequivocally that highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, shock-compressed along the c axis to 50 GPa, transforms to highly oriented elastically strained HD with the (100)HD plane parallel to the graphite basal plane. These findings contradict recent molecular dynamics simulation results for the shock-induced graphite-to-diamond transformation and provide a benchmark for future theoretical simulations. Additionally, our results show that an earlier report of HD forming only above 170 GPa for shocked pyrolytic graphite may lead to incorrect interpretations of meteorite impact events.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). Inst. for Shock Physics
  2. Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). Inst. for Shock Physics; Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). Inst. for Shock Physics
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP)
OSTI Identifier:
1410678
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1410676
Grant/Contract Number:  
NA0002442; NA0002007; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Science Advances
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 3; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Turneaure, Stefan J., Sharma, Surinder M., Volz, Travis J., Winey, J. M., and Gupta, Yogendra M. Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao3561.
Turneaure, Stefan J., Sharma, Surinder M., Volz, Travis J., Winey, J. M., & Gupta, Yogendra M. Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds. United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao3561
Turneaure, Stefan J., Sharma, Surinder M., Volz, Travis J., Winey, J. M., and Gupta, Yogendra M. 2017. "Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds". United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao3561. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410678.
@article{osti_1410678,
title = {Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds},
author = {Turneaure, Stefan J. and Sharma, Surinder M. and Volz, Travis J. and Winey, J. M. and Gupta, Yogendra M.},
abstractNote = {The graphite-to-diamond transformation under shock compression has been of broad scientific interest since 1961. The formation of hexagonal diamond (HD) is of particular interest because it is expected to be harder than cubic diamond and due to its use in terrestrial sciences as a marker at meteorite impact sites. However, the formation of diamond having a fully hexagonal structure continues to be questioned and remains unresolved. Using real-time (nanosecond), in situ x-ray diffraction measurements, we show unequivocally that highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, shock-compressed along the c axis to 50 GPa, transforms to highly oriented elastically strained HD with the (100)HD plane parallel to the graphite basal plane. These findings contradict recent molecular dynamics simulation results for the shock-induced graphite-to-diamond transformation and provide a benchmark for future theoretical simulations. Additionally, our results show that an earlier report of HD forming only above 170 GPa for shocked pyrolytic graphite may lead to incorrect interpretations of meteorite impact events.},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aao3561},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1410678}, journal = {Science Advances},
issn = {2375-2548},
number = 10,
volume = 3,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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Free Publicly Available Full Text
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Cited by: 43 works
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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Predicting superhard materials via a machine learning informed evolutionary structure search
journal, September 2019


Quantifying hexagonal stacking in diamond
journal, July 2019


Laboratory setup for rapid in situ powder X-ray diffraction elucidating Ni particle formation in supercritical methanol
journal, July 2019


Graphite to diamond transformation under shock compression: Role of orientational order
journal, June 2019


Nano-to-micro diamond formation by nanosecond pulsed laser annealing
journal, September 2019


Ab initio dielectric response function of diamond and other relevant high pressure phases of carbon
journal, November 2019


Structural studies of carbons by neutron and x-ray scattering
journal, November 2018


Nanosecond Melting and Recrystallization in Shock-Compressed Silicon
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Analysis of stacking disorder in ice I using pair distribution functions
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Predicting superhard materials via a machine learning informed evolutionary structure search
journal, September 2019