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Title: A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant

Journal Article · · Nature (London)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24471· OSTI ID:1409246
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The detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves heralds the age of gravitational-wave multi-messenger astronomy. On 17 August 2017 the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed GW170817, a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than 2 seconds after the merger, a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within $$\sim 10$$ arcsec of the galaxy NGC 4993. These multi-messenger observations allow us to use GW170817 as a standard siren, the gravitational-wave analog of an astronomical standard candle, to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity, which represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Our measurement combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using electromagnetic data. This approach does not require any form of cosmic "distance ladder;" the gravitational wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be $$70.0^{+12.0}_{-8.0} \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$$ (maximum a posteriori and 68% credible interval). This is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard-siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will provide precision constraints of this important cosmological parameter.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
The MASTER Collaboration; LIGO Scientific; Virgo; 1M2H; Dark Energy Camera GW-E; DES; DLT40; Las Cumbres Observatory; VINROUGE; MASTER; The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and The Virgo Collaboration; The 1M2H Collaboration; The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration and the DES Collaboration; The DLT40 Collaboration; The Las Cumbres Observatory Collaboration; The VINROUGE Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; SC0007859; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231; AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1409246
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1410542; OSTI ID: 1436724; OSTI ID: 1456981; OSTI ID: 1480018; OSTI ID: 1645621
Report Number(s):
LIGO-P1700296; FERMILAB-PUB-17-472-A-AE; arXiv:1710.05835; LA-UR-17-29462; 105762
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Vol. 551, Issue 7678; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 565 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Gravitational Radiation from Post-Newtonian Sources and Inspiralling Compact Binaries journal April 2002
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Robust parameter estimation for compact binaries with ground-based gravitational-wave observations using the LALInference software library text January 2014
A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant text January 2016
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Cited By (108)

An interacting new holographic dark energy in the framework of fractal cosmology journal October 2018
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA journal April 2018
Kilonovae journal December 2019
Cosmology with Gravitational Waves in DES and LSST journal October 2017
Quantum expander for gravitational-wave observatories journal December 2019
The Hubble constant determined through an inverse distance ladder including quasar time delays and Type Ia supernovae journal August 2019
Localization of transient gravitational wave sources: beyond triangulation journal April 2018
Calibrating gravitational-wave detectors with GW170817 journal May 2019
Astrophysical science metrics for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors journal November 2019
Limits on the number of spacetime dimensions from GW170817 journal July 2018
Does the Hubble constant tension call for new physics? journal September 2018
Constraining the time variation of Newton's constant G with gravitational-wave standard sirens and supernovae journal October 2018
Inherently stable effective field theory for dark energy and modified gravity journal January 2019
Optical properties of high-quality oxide coating materials used in gravitational-wave advanced detectors journal June 2019
Lensing efficiency for gravitational wave mergers journal January 2020
Standard siren speeds: improving velocities in gravitational-wave measurements of H0 journal January 2020
Detectability of neutron star merger afterglows journal July 2019
Constraints on the interacting vacuum–geodesic CDM scenario journal July 2019
Gravitational-wave follow-up with CTA after the detection of GRBs in the TeV energy domain journal October 2019
Beyond two-point statistics: using the minimum spanning tree as a tool for cosmology journal November 2019
Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties journal December 2019
Serendipitous discoveries of kilonovae in the LSST main survey: maximizing detections of sub-threshold gravitational wave events journal February 2019
Waveform systematics for binary neutron star gravitational wave signals: Effects of spin, precession, and the observation of electromagnetic counterparts journal July 2019
Quantum-bias cosmology: Acceleration from holographic information capacity journal September 2019
Unbiased Hubble constant estimation from binary neutron star mergers journal November 2019
Revisiting scalar and tensor perturbations in a nonlocal gravity journal December 2019
Updated observational constraints on quintessence dark energy models journal February 2018
Localization accuracy of compact binary coalescences detected by the third-generation gravitational-wave detectors and implication for cosmology journal March 2018
Implications from GW170817 and I-Love-Q relations for relativistic hybrid stars journal April 2018
Analysis of the Yukawa gravitational potential in f ( R ) gravity. II. Relativistic periastron advance journal May 2018
Binary neutron star mergers and third generation detectors: Localization and early warning journal June 2018
New parametrized equation of state for dark energy surveys journal October 2018
Cosmologically viable generalized Einstein-aether theories journal February 2019
Improving cosmological parameter estimation with the future gravitational-wave standard siren observation from the Einstein Telescope journal March 2019
Joint cosmological inference of standard sirens and gravitational wave weak lensing journal April 2019
Cosmic Expansion History from Line-Intensity Mapping journal December 2019
A measurement of the Hubble constant from angular diameter distances to two gravitational lenses journal September 2019
Multimessenger parameter estimation of GW170817 journal April 2019
Observational constraints on interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy model journal September 2019
Status of Neutrino Properties and Future Prospects—Cosmological and Astrophysical Constraints journal February 2018
Dark Energy in Light of Multi-Messenger Gravitational-Wave Astronomy journal December 2018
Binary Neutron Star (BNS) Merger: What We Learned from Relativistic Ejecta of GW/GRB 170817A journal July 2019
Constraints on Short, Hard Gamma-Ray Burst Beaming Angles from Gravitational Wave Observations journal May 2018
Scattered Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Waves and Implications of GW170817 and GRB 170817A journal October 2018
Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis journal December 2018
Exploring the “ Lσ ” Relation of H ii Galaxies and Giant Extragalactic H ii Regions Acting as Standard Candles journal January 2020
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera journal October 2017
The Distance to NGC 4993: The Host Galaxy of the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817 journal October 2017
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger journal October 2017
Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817 journal November 2017
Search for Post-merger Gravitational Waves from the Remnant of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 journal December 2017
GRID: a student project to monitor the transient gamma-ray sky in the multi-messenger astronomy era journal August 2019
Measuring cosmic distances with standard sirens journal December 2018
Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients journal November 2019
Peering beyond the horizon with standard sirens and redshift drift journal April 2018
H 0 from cosmic chronometers and Type Ia supernovae, with Gaussian Processes and the novel Weighted Polynomial Regression method journal April 2018
The local and distant Universe: stellar ages and H 0 journal March 2019
Listening to the sound of dark sector interactions with gravitational wave standard sirens journal July 2019
Physics of eccentric binary black hole mergers: A numerical relativity perspective journal September 2019
Constraining power of cosmological observables: Blind redshift spots and optimal ranges journal March 2019
Standard sirens with a running Planck mass journal April 2019
Can accelerated expansion of the universe be due to spacetime vorticity? journal December 2018
Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A text January 2017
Fast and accurate sensitivity estimation for continuous-gravitational-wave searches other January 2018
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA text January 2020
Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo journal November 2019
Improvements in Gravitational-wave Sky Localization with Expanded Networks of Interferometers journal February 2018
Convolutional neural networks: A magic bullet for gravitational-wave detection? text January 2019
GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral text January 2017
Search for post-merger gravitational waves from the remnant of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 text January 2017
A stranger in a strange land: a perspective on archaeological responses to the palaeogenetic revolution from an archaeologist working amongst palaeogeneticists journal June 2019
Dependence of gravitational wave transient rates on cosmic star formation and metallicity evolution history journal January 2020
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral other January 2017
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger text January 2017
Continuous Gravitational Waves from Neutron Stars: Current Status and Prospects journal October 2019
Estimating the contribution of dynamical ejecta in the kilonova associated with GW170817 text January 2017
Properties of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 text January 2019
Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo text January 2019
Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A journal October 2017
Convolutional neural networks: A magic bullet for gravitational-wave detection? journal September 2019
Localization accuracy of compact binary coalescences detected by the third-generation gravitational-wave detectors and implication for cosmology text January 2017
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral text January 2017
Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817 text January 2017
Scattered Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Waves and Implications of GW170817 and GRB 170817A text January 2017
Constraints On Short, Hard Gamma-Ray Burst Beaming Angles From Gravitational Wave Observations text January 2017
Dark Energy Constraints in light of Pantheon SNe Ia, BAO, Cosmic Chronometers and CMB Polarization and Lensing Data text January 2018
$H_0$ from cosmic chronometers and Type Ia supernovae, with Gaussian Processes and the novel Weighted Polynomial Regression method text January 2018
Matter imprints in waveform models for neutron star binaries: tidal and self-spin effects text January 2018
Improving cosmological parameter estimation with the future gravitational-wave standard siren observation from the Einstein Telescope text January 2018
An interacting New Holographic Dark Energy in the framework of fractal cosmology text January 2018
Inherently stable effective field theory for dark energy and modified gravity text January 2018
Quantum Bias Cosmology: Acceleration from Holographic Information Capacity text January 2018
Multimessenger Parameter Estimation of GW170817 text January 2018
Unbiased Hubble constant estimation from binary neutron star mergers text January 2018
Constraining power of cosmological observables: blind redshift spots and optimal ranges text January 2018
Serendipitous Discoveries of Kilonovae in the LSST Main Survey: Maximising Detections of Sub-Threshold Gravitational Wave Events text January 2018
Exploring the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors to neutron star physics text January 2019
Physics of eccentric binary black hole mergers: A numerical relativity perspective text January 2019
The local and distant Universe: stellar ages and $H_0$ text January 2019
Calibrating gravitational-wave detectors with GW170817 text January 2019
Parallelized Inference for Gravitational-Wave Astronomy text January 2019
Observational constraints on interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy models text January 2019
Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients text January 2019
GRID: a Student Project to Monitor the Transient Gamma-Ray Sky in the Multi-Messenger Astronomy Era text January 2019
The Cosmic Expansion History from Line-Intensity Mapping text January 2019
Standard Siren Speeds: Improving velocities in gravitational-wave measurements of $H_{0}$ text January 2019
Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties text January 2019
Dependence of Gravitational Wave Transient Rates on Cosmic Star Formation and Metallicity Evolution History text January 2019

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