String flash-boiling in gasoline direct injection simulations with transient needle motion

Baldwin, Eli T.; Grover, Jr., Ronald O.; Parrish, Scott E.; Duke, D. J.; Matusik, K. E.; Powell, C. F.; Kastengren, A. L.; Schmidt, D. P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.09.004

Title: String flash-boiling in gasoline direct injection simulations with transient needle motion

Journal Article · Tue Sep 06 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · International Journal of Multiphase Flow

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.09.004· OSTI ID:1392625

Baldwin, Eli T. ^[1]; Grover, Jr., Ronald O. ^[2]; Parrish, Scott E. ^[2];

^[3]; Matusik, K. E. ^[3]; Powell, C. F. ^[3]; Kastengren, A. L. ^[3]; Schmidt, D. P. ^[1]

Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
General Motors Research and Development, Warren, MI (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

A computational study was performed to investigate the influence of transient needle motion on gasoline direct injection (GDI) internal nozzle flow and near-field sprays. Simulations were conducted with a compressible Eulerian flow solver modeling liquid, vapor, and non-condensable gas phases with a diffuse interface. Variable rate generation and condensation of fuel vapor were captured using the homogeneous relaxation model (HRM). The non-flashing (spray G) and flashing (spray G2) conditions specified by the Engine Combustion Network were modeled using the nominal spray G nozzle geometry and transient needle lift and wobble were based upon ensemble averaged x-ray imaging preformed at Argonne National Lab. The minimum needle lift simulated was 5 μm and dynamic mesh motion was achieved with Laplacian smoothing. The results were qualitatively validated against experimental imaging and the experimental rate of injection profile was captured accurately using pressure boundary conditions and needle motion to actu- ate the injection. Needle wobble was found to have no measurable effect on the flow. Low needle lift is shown to result in vapor generation as fuel rushes past the needle. In conclusion, the internal injector flow is shown to contain many transient and interacting vortices which cause perturbations in the spray angle, fluctuations in the mass flux, and frequently result in string flash-boiling.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: General Motors, R & D; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22), Scientific User Facilities Division; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1392625

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1359200

Journal Information:: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 87, Issue C; ISSN 0301-9322

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 56 works

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Validation of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics methodology to predict the direct injection process of gasoline sprays using Spray G experimental data Paredi, Davide; Lucchini, Tommaso; D’Errico, Gianluca International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419868020	journal	August 2019
An investigation on the impact of small-scale models in gasoline direct injection sprays (ECN Spray G) Navarro-Martinez, Salvador; Tretola, Giovanni; Yosri, Mohammad Reza International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419889449	journal	November 2019

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