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Title: Evidence for a composite organic–inorganic fabric of belemnite rostra: Implications for palaeoceanography and palaeoecology

Journal Article · · Sedimentary Geology
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [1]
  1. Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, Bochum (Germany)
  2. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
  3. The Univ. of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
  4. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Carbonate skeletons of fossil marine organisms are widely used to reconstruct palaeoceanographic parameters. Specifically, the geochemistry of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnite rostra is traditionally interpreted to represent near sea-surface seawater properties. More recently, an increasing number of workers, have reported significant scatter in geochemical data (e.g., δ18O, δ13C, element/Ca ratio) when comparing rostra from the same stratigraphic level or within a single belemnite rostrum. This scatter is not explained by differential diagenetic overprint alone. Here we report petrographic evidence on the primary ultrastructure of rostra of Megateuthis (Middle Jurassic) and Belemnitella and Gonioteuthis (Late Cretaceous). The biogenic ultrastructure consists of a filigree framework of triaxial branches and tetrahedrons of variable size forming a honeycomb-like network. Data presented here suggest that these rostra yielded as much as 50 to 90% primary pore space. On the level of a working hypothesis – and in analogy with modern cephalopods – we propose that the pore space was formerly filled with body fluid and/or organic compounds during the life time of these organisms. Intra-rostral porosity was post mortem occluded by earliest diagenetic isopachous calcite cements of a non-biogenic origin. These may have been precipitated due to increased alkalinity related to the decay of organic matter. If this holds true, then the resulting fabric represents a composite biogenic/abiogenic structure. In order to optically separate the two calcite phases forming a single calcite fibre, we employed a wide range of state-of-the-art analytical tools to thin sections and ultra-thin sections of well-preserved specimens. Finally, pending a verification of these well-supported ultrastructural data by means of high-resolution geochemical analyses from biogenic and abiogenic phases, we suggest that these findings have significance for those using belemnite rostra as archives of their palaeoenvironment.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1371749
Journal Information:
Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 341, Issue C; ISSN 0037-0738
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 43 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (20)

First steps in reconstructing Early Jurassic sea water temperatures in the Andean Basin of northern Chile based on stable isotope analyses of oyster and brachiopod shells journal November 2019
Finite Element Analysis as a Method to Study Molluscan Shell Mechanics journal December 2017
Oxygen–carbon isotope composition of Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous molluscs from the Saratov–Samara Volga region and main climate trends in the Russian Platform–Caucasus journal October 2019
Classical and new bioerosion trace fossils in Cretaceous belemnite guards characterised via micro-CT journal January 2017
Rostrum size differences between Toarcian belemnite battlefields journal January 2018
Anatomy and evolution of the first Coleoidea in the Carboniferous journal July 2019
Evaluation of shark tooth diagenesis-screening methods and the application of their stable oxygen isotope data for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions journal January 2019
Ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing in Early Jurassic belemnites from Germany and France, and their palaeobiological implications journal October 2017
Predatory behaviour and taphonomy of a Jurassic belemnoid coleoid (Diplobelida, Cephalopoda) journal May 2019
The palaeobiology of belemnites – foundation for the interpretation of rostrum geochemistry journal November 2019
Mechanisms and drivers of belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian crisis journal December 2019
Anatomy and evolution of the first Coleoidea in the Carboniferous text January 2019
Oxygen–carbon isotope composition of Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous molluscs from the Saratov–Samara Volga region and main climate trends in the Russian Platform–Caucasus text January 2019
Predatory behaviour and taphonomy of a Jurassic belemnoid coleoid (Diplobelida, Cephalopoda) text January 2019
Oxygen–carbon isotope composition of Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous molluscs from the Saratov–Samara Volga region and main climate trends in the Russian Platform–Caucasus text January 2019
Ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing in Early Jurassic belemnites from Germany and France, and their palaeobiological implications text January 2018
Oxygen–carbon isotope composition of Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous molluscs from the Saratov–Samara Volga region and main climate trends in the Russian Platform–Caucasus text January 2019
Oxygen–carbon isotope composition of Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous molluscs from the Saratov–Samara Volga region and main climate trends in the Russian Platform–Caucasus text January 2019
Oxygen–carbon isotope composition of Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous molluscs from the Saratov–Samara Volga region and main climate trends in the Russian Platform–Caucasus text January 2019
First record of non-mineralized cephalopod jaws and arm hooks from the latest Cretaceous of Eurytania, Greece text January 2020

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