The cosmic evolution of Fermi BL lacertae objects

Ajello, M.; Romani, R. W.; Gasparrini, D.; Shaw, M. S.; Bolmer, J.; Cotter, G.; Finke, J.; Greiner, J.; Healey, S. E.; King, O.; Max-Moerbeck, W.; Michelson, P. F.; Potter, W. J.; Rau, A.; Readhead, A. C.  S.; Richards, J. L.; Schady, P.

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/73

Title: The cosmic evolution of Fermi BL lacertae objects

Journal Article · Fri Dec 13 00:00:00 EST 2013 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/73· OSTI ID:1356540

Ajello, M. ^[1]; Romani, R. W. ^[2]; Gasparrini, D. ^[3]; Shaw, M. S. ^[2]; Bolmer, J. ^[4]; Cotter, G. ^[5]; Finke, J. ^[6]; Greiner, J. ^[7]; Healey, S. E. ^[2]; King, O. ^[8]; Max-Moerbeck, W. ^[8]; Michelson, P. F. ^[2]; Potter, W. J. ^[5]; Rau, A. ^[7]; Readhead, A. C. S. ^[8]; Richards, J. L. ^[8]; Schady, P. ^[7]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Space Sciences Lab.
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Rome (Italy); National Institute for Astrophysics-Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Rome (Italy).
Technical Univ. of Munchen, Garching (Germany). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Astrophysics
Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States). Space Science Division
Max Planck Inst. for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching (Germany)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy

Fermi has provided the largest sample of γ-ray-selected blazars to date. We use a uniformly selected set of 211 BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects detected by Fermi during its first year of operation. We obtained redshift constraints for 206 out of the 211 BL Lac objects in our sample, making it the largest and most complete sample of BL Lac objects available in the literature. We use this sample to determine the luminosity function of BL Lac objects and its evolution with cosmic time. Here, we find that for most BL Lac classes the evolution is positive, with a space density peaking at modest redshift (z ≈ 1.2). Low-luminosity, high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) BL Lac objects are an exception, showing strong negative evolution, with number density increasing for z lesssim 0.5. Since this rise corresponds to a drop-off in the density of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), a possible interpretation is that these HSPs represent an accretion-starved end state of an earlier merger-driven gas-rich phase. Additionally, we find that the known BL Lac correlation between luminosity and photon spectral index persists after correction for the substantial observational selection effects with implications for the so-called "blazar sequence." Finally, by estimating the beaming corrections to the luminosity function, we find that BL Lac objects have an average Lorentz factor of $$\gamma =6.1^{+1.1}_{-0.8}$$, and that most are seen within 10° of the jet axis.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Contributing Organization:: Fermi LAT Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1356540

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 780, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 196 works

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Interpretation of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in terms of the blazar sequence Palladino, Andrea; Rodrigues, Xavier; Gao, Shan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.04769	text	January 2018
Blazar Flares as an Origin of High-Energy Cosmic Neutrinos? Murase, Kohta; Oikonomou, Foteini; Petropoulou, Maria arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.04748	text	January 2018
Identifying the 3FHL catalog: I. Results of the KOSMOS optical spectroscopy campaign Marchesi, Stefano; Kaur, Amanpreet; Ajello, Marco arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.05486	text	January 2018
Blazar jets as the most efficient persistent engines Ghisellini, Gabriele arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.07323	preprint	January 2018
Angular power spectrum analysis on current and future high-energy neutrino data Dekker, Ariane; Ando, Shin'ichiro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.02576	text	January 2018
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Probing the Emission Mechanism and Magnetic Field of Neutrino Blazars with Multi-Wavelength Polarization Signatures Zhang, Haocheng; Fang, Ke; Li, Hui arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.01956	text	January 2019
{\it Fermi}-LAT Stacking Analysis Technique: An Application to Extreme Blazars and Prospects for their CTA Detection Paliya, Vaidehi S.; Dominguez, Alberto; Ajello, Marco arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.02496	text	January 2019

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