skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: How tetraquarks can generate a second chiral phase transition

Journal Article · · Physical Review D
 [1];  [2]
  1. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center
  2. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center

We consider how tetraquarks can affect the chiral phase transition in theories like QCD, with light quarks coupled to three colors. For two flavors the tetraquark field is an isosinglet, and its effect is minimal. For three flavors, however, the tetraquark field transforms in the same representation of the chiral symmetry group as the usual chiral order parameter, and so for very light quarks there may be two chiral phase transitions, which are both of first order. In QCD, results from the lattice indicate that any transition from the tetraquark condensate is a smooth crossover. In the plane of temperature, T, and quark chemical potential, μ, though, a crossover line for the tetraquark condensate is naturally related to the transition line for color superconductivity. For four flavors we suggest that a triquark field, antisymmetric in both flavor and color, combine to form hexaquarks.

Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Under Secretary for Science (S-4); USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0012704
OSTI ID:
1338595
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1323573
Report Number(s):
BNL-113229-2016-JA; PRVDAQ; R&D Project: KB0301020; KB0301020; TRN: US1701650
Journal Information:
Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 5; ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 10 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (87)

Doubly Heavy Tetraquarks and Baryons journal January 2014
Chiral matrix model of the semi-QGP in QCD journal August 2016
A chiral q¯q¯qq nonet? journal December 2004
Exotica journal March 2005
Narrow tetraquarks at large N journal August 2013
Tetraquark Mesons in Large- N Quantum Chromodynamics journal June 2013
Glueball in a chiral linear sigma model with vector mesons journal September 2011
Multiquark hadrons. I. Phenomenology of Q 2 Q ¯ 2 mesons journal January 1977
Probing the substructure of f 0 ( 1370 ) journal April 2015
Review of Particle Physics journal August 2014
Putative light scalar nonet journal March 1999
Is f 0 ( 1710 ) a glueball? journal December 2014
Chiral nonet mixing in η η π π decay journal August 2014
Fluctuation induced first order phase transition in U ( n ) × U ( n ) models using chiral invariant expansion of functional renormalization group flows journal November 2014
Equation of state and QCD transition at finite temperature journal July 2009
Tetraquark bound states in a Bethe–Salpeter approach journal December 2012
How instantons solve the U(1) problem journal September 1986
Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point journal November 1999
Mesons Beyond the Quark--Antiquark Picture journal January 2016
The Scalar--Isovector Sector in the Extended Linear Sigma Model journal January 2014
Superfluidity in a model of massless fermions coupled to scalar bosons journal October 1999
Mechanism for a next-to-lowest lying scalar meson nonet journal February 2000
Chiral phase transition with mixing between scalar quarkonium and tetraquark journal March 2014
The light scalar mesons as tetraquarks journal February 2016
Equation of state in ( 2 + 1 )-flavor QCD journal November 2014
QCD chiral transition, U ( 1 ) A symmetry and the dirac spectrum using domain wall fermions journal March 2014
Remarks on the U ( 1 ) axial symmetry and the chiral transition in QCD at finite temperature journal November 2013
The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks journal November 2010
Toy model for two chiral nonets journal August 2005
Model for light scalar mesons in QCD journal July 2007
Critical endpoint for deconfinement in matrix and other effective models journal June 2012
Linking U ( 2 ) × U ( 2 ) to O ( 4 ) model via decoupling journal February 2015
Mesons beyond the naive quark model journal January 2004
Functional renormalization group study of the chiral phase transition including vector and axial-vector mesons journal November 2015
Phases of dense quarks at large journal November 2007
QCD equation of state with almost physical quark masses journal January 2008
Continuity of Quark and Hadron Matter journal May 1999
Meson vacuum phenomenology in a three-flavor linear sigma model with (axial-)vector mesons journal January 2013
Approaching the conformal window of O ( n ) × O ( m ) symmetric Landau-Ginzburg models using the conformal bootstrap journal June 2014
Note on a sigma model connection with instanton dynamics journal May 2008
Chiral nonet mixing in π π scattering journal December 2011
Full result for the QCD equation of state with <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:sa="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-aff/dtd"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math> flavors journal March 2014
Chiral density wave in nuclear matter journal January 2015
Do the P c + pentaquarks have strange siblings? journal December 2015
New Look at Scalar Mesons journal November 2004
LIGHT SCALARS AS TETRAQUARKS OR TWO-MESON STATES FROM LARGE-N c AND UNITARIZED CHIRAL PERTURBATION THEORY journal December 2004
Global aspects of the scalar meson puzzle journal April 2009
Spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry, and eventually of parity, in a σ-model with two Mexican hats journal December 2009
Gaps and critical temperature for color superconductivity journal February 2000
Can Experiment Distinguish Tetraquark Scalars, Molecules and ${\overline q}q$ Mesons? journal January 2007
Color superconductivity in dense quark matter journal November 2008
Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition journal March 2012
Vacuum properties of mesons in a linear sigma model with vector mesons and global chiral invariance journal September 2010
Role of the tetraquark in the chiral phase transition journal February 2009
Tetraquarks in the 1/N expansion and meson-meson resonances journal June 2016
Functional dependence of axial anomaly via mesonic fluctuations in the three flavor linear sigma model journal August 2015
Axion cosmology, lattice QCD and the dilute instanton gas journal January 2016
Diquarks and Exotic Spectroscopy journal December 2003
Chiral symmetry restoration at finite temperature in the SU(3) × SU(3) sigma model journal November 1983
Scalar mesons above and below 1 GeV journal August 2002
Relevance of the axial anomaly at the finite-temperature chiral transition in QCD journal November 2013
Color-flavor locking and chiral symmetry breaking in high density QCD journal January 1999
QCD and instantons at finite temperature journal January 1981
Critical line for H superfluidity in strange quark matter? journal August 2000
Low-lying scalars in an extended linear σ model journal December 2012
Large- N structure of tetraquark mesons journal September 2013
Tetraquarks with exotic flavor quantum numbers at large N c in QCD(AS) journal March 2014
Remarks on the chiral phase transition in chromodynamics journal January 1984
A theory of scalar mesons journal May 2008
The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II journal June 2009
Equation of state for physical quark masses journal March 2010
Nonordinary light meson couplings and the 1 / N c expansion journal August 2014
Chiral perturbation theory, the 1 / N c expansion and Regge behavior determine the structure of the lightest scalar meson journal November 2011
a 1 ( 1420 ) resonance as a tetraquark state and its isospin partner journal May 2015
Thermodynamics of strong-interaction matter from lattice QCD journal October 2015
Two chiral nonet model with massless quarks journal February 2008
Transition temperature in QCD journal September 2006
Is there still any T c mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III journal September 2010
Bootstrapping phase transitions in QCD and frustrated spin systems journal January 2015
Mixing of scalar tetraquark and quarkonia states in a chiral approach journal March 2007
Masses of Heavy and Light Scalar Tetraquarks in a Non-relativistic Quark Model journal January 2016
QCD Phase Transition with Chiral Quarks and Physical Quark Masses journal August 2014
Nuclear matter within a dilatation-invariant parity doublet model: The role of the tetraquark at nonzero density journal December 2011
Issues and Opportunities in Exotic Hadrons journal April 2016
Chiral model for q ¯ q and q q ¯ q q mesons journal November 2004
Chiral symmetry breaking without bilinear condensates, unbroken axial Z N symmetry, and exact QCD inequalities journal November 1998
Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD journal November 1998

Cited By (2)

Charmed baryon Λ c in nuclear matter journal November 2017
Role of a four-quark and a glueball state in pion-pion and pion-nucleon scattering journal April 2019

Similar Records

How sharp is the chiral crossover phenomenon for realistic meson masses?
Journal Article · Sat Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 1996 · Physical Review, D · OSTI ID:1338595

Chiral condensate and dressed Polyakov loop in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Journal Article · Sun Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · Physical Review. D, Particles Fields · OSTI ID:1338595

From tetraquarks to hexaquarks: A systematic study of heavy exotics in the large {ital N}{sub {ital c}} limit
Journal Article · Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 1995 · Physical Review, D · OSTI ID:1338595