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Title: Dynamics of High Sound-Speed Metal Confiners Driven By Non-Ideal High-Explosive Detonation

Abstract

Here, the results of 14 tests examining the behavior of aluminum (Al) conifners driven by non-ideal ANFO detonation in a cylinder test configuration are presented. In each test, the measured detonation phase velocity is slower than the aluminum sound speed. Thus, in the detonation reference frame, the ow in the Al is both shockless and subsonic. The tests involve: 3-inch inner diameter (ID) cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 1 and 2 inches; a 4-inch ID cylinder with a 1/2-inch Al wall thickness; and 6-inch ID cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/2, 1 and 2 inches. The ANFO detonation velocity is seen to increase with increasing wall thickness for both the 3- and 6-inch ID tests, with no limiting velocity reached for the wall thicknesses used. The motion of the outer Al wall due to precursor elastic waves in the Al running ahead of the detonation is also measured at various axial locations along the cylinders. It is found that the magnitude of the outer wall motion due to the precursor elastic waves is small, while the associated wall motion is unsteady and decays in amplitude as the elastic disturbances move further ahead of the detonationmore » front. The variations in the expansion history of the main outer wall motion of the cylinders are presented for increasing wall thickness at fixed ID, and for increasing cylinder inner diameter at a fixed wall thickness. Finally, we also explore the existence of a geometric similarity scaling of the wall expansion history for three geometrically scaled tests (3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/4- and 1/2-inch walls respectively, 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/2- and 1-inch walls and 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1- and 2-inch walls respectively). We find that the wall velocity histories for each of the three scaled tests, when plotted directly against time relative to start of main motion of the wall, are similar over a certain range of wall velocities without any geometric based rescaling in time. The range of wall velocities where the overlap occurs increases as the ratio of the wall thickness to inner diameter decreases. In conclusion, this is in contrast to ideal high explosives, where the outer wall velocity histories are only similar when the geometric scale factor (in this case a factor of 2) is applied to the wall velocity motion.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1]
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1335594
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-14-24489
Journal ID: ISSN 0010-2180
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Combustion and Flame
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 162; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0010-2180
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; Non-ideal detonation; High-sound-speed confinement; Cylinder tests

Citation Formats

Short, Mark, and Jackson, Scott I. Dynamics of High Sound-Speed Metal Confiners Driven By Non-Ideal High-Explosive Detonation. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.007.
Short, Mark, & Jackson, Scott I. Dynamics of High Sound-Speed Metal Confiners Driven By Non-Ideal High-Explosive Detonation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.007
Short, Mark, and Jackson, Scott I. 2015. "Dynamics of High Sound-Speed Metal Confiners Driven By Non-Ideal High-Explosive Detonation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.007. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1335594.
@article{osti_1335594,
title = {Dynamics of High Sound-Speed Metal Confiners Driven By Non-Ideal High-Explosive Detonation},
author = {Short, Mark and Jackson, Scott I.},
abstractNote = {Here, the results of 14 tests examining the behavior of aluminum (Al) conifners driven by non-ideal ANFO detonation in a cylinder test configuration are presented. In each test, the measured detonation phase velocity is slower than the aluminum sound speed. Thus, in the detonation reference frame, the ow in the Al is both shockless and subsonic. The tests involve: 3-inch inner diameter (ID) cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 1 and 2 inches; a 4-inch ID cylinder with a 1/2-inch Al wall thickness; and 6-inch ID cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/2, 1 and 2 inches. The ANFO detonation velocity is seen to increase with increasing wall thickness for both the 3- and 6-inch ID tests, with no limiting velocity reached for the wall thicknesses used. The motion of the outer Al wall due to precursor elastic waves in the Al running ahead of the detonation is also measured at various axial locations along the cylinders. It is found that the magnitude of the outer wall motion due to the precursor elastic waves is small, while the associated wall motion is unsteady and decays in amplitude as the elastic disturbances move further ahead of the detonation front. The variations in the expansion history of the main outer wall motion of the cylinders are presented for increasing wall thickness at fixed ID, and for increasing cylinder inner diameter at a fixed wall thickness. Finally, we also explore the existence of a geometric similarity scaling of the wall expansion history for three geometrically scaled tests (3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/4- and 1/2-inch walls respectively, 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1/2- and 1-inch walls and 3- and 6-inch ID cylinders with 1- and 2-inch walls respectively). We find that the wall velocity histories for each of the three scaled tests, when plotted directly against time relative to start of main motion of the wall, are similar over a certain range of wall velocities without any geometric based rescaling in time. The range of wall velocities where the overlap occurs increases as the ratio of the wall thickness to inner diameter decreases. In conclusion, this is in contrast to ideal high explosives, where the outer wall velocity histories are only similar when the geometric scale factor (in this case a factor of 2) is applied to the wall velocity motion.},
doi = {10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.007},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1335594}, journal = {Combustion and Flame},
issn = {0010-2180},
number = 5,
volume = 162,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Fri Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}

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Works referenced in this record:

Interactions of Inert Confiners with Explosives
journal, January 2006


Steady Non-Ideal Detonation
conference, January 2009

  • Sharpe, G. J.; Luheshi, M. Y.; Braithwaite, M.
  • SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER 2009: Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings
  • https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295171

The propagation of detonation waves in non-ideal condensed-phase explosives confined by high sound-speed materials
journal, August 2013


ANFO Cylinder Tests
conference, January 2002


Experimental observations of detonation in ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil (ANFO) surrounded by a high-sound-speed, shockless, aluminum confiner
journal, January 2011


Works referencing / citing this record:

New approaches for evaluating detonation properties of commercial explosives using a novel continuous velocity probe
journal, October 2018


The propulsive capability of explosives heavily loaded with inertĀ materials
journal, January 2018