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Title: Global Carbon Budget 2016

Journal Article · · Earth System Science Data (Online)
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  1. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom). Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research
  2. Center for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO), Oslo (Norway)
  3. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere. Global Carbon Project
  4. Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom). College of Life and Environmental Sciences
  5. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom). School of Environmental Sciences. Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
  6. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
  7. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States). Earth System Research Lab.
  8. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States)
  9. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Institution of Oceanography
  10. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA (United States). Pacific Marine Environmental Lab. (PMEL)
  11. Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany). Inst. of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research
  12. Univ. of Miami, FL (United States). Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science. Cooperative Inst. for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Miami, FL (United States). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab.
  13. Inst. Pierre-Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Lab. of Climate and Environmental Sciences (LSCE) (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ)
  14. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Geographical Sciences
  15. National Inst. of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Dunedin (New Zealand)
  16. National Centre for Meteorological Research (CNRM), Toulouse (France). Joint Research Unit Meteo-France/CNRS
  17. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA (United States)
  18. Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom). College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences
  19. Flanders Marine Inst. (VLIZ), Ostend (Belgium). InnovOcean
  20. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom). Climatic Research Unit
  21. Alfred Wegener Inst. Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (Germany)
  22. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere
  23. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Utrecht (Netherlands). The Hague/Bilthoven and Utrecht Univ.
  24. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences
  25. Inst. of Applied Energy (IAE), Tokyo (Japan)
  26. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel (Germany)
  27. Max Planck Inst. for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
  28. Lab. of Oceanography and Climate (LOCEAN), Paris (France). Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, MNHN, IPSL
  29. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, TAS (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere
  30. Univ. of Bern (Switzerland). Climate and Environmental Physics. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research
  31. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States). Climate and Global Dynamics. Terrestrial Sciences Section
  32. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC (Canada). Climate Research Division
  33. Univ. of Miami, FL (United States). Dept. of Ocean Sciences
  34. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Cape Town (South Africa). Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC). Ocean Systems and Climate
  35. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research
  36. National Inst. for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba (Japan). Center for Global Environmental Research
  37. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Joint Inst. for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
  38. Univ. of Bergen (Norway). Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. Geophysical Inst.
  39. Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama (Japan). National Research Inst. for Far Sea Fisheries
  40. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Biospheric Science Lab.; Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States). Dept. of Ecology
  41. Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany)
  42. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Ocean Process Analysis Lab.
  43. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway). Uni Research Climate
  44. Imperial College London, Berkshire (United Kingdom). Life Science Dept.
  45. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Joint Inst. for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA (United States). Pacific Marine Environmental Lab. (PMEL)
  46. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States)
  47. Auburn Univ., AL (United States). School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences
  48. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, TAS (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre
  49. Wageningen Univ. (Netherlands). Dept. of Meteorology and Air Quality
  50. Vrije Univ., Amsterdam (Netherlands). Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences
  51. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Environmental Sciences Division. Climate Change Science Inst.
  52. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter (United Kingdom)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates and consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models. We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2006–2015), EFF was 9.3 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, ELUC 1.0 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM 4.5 ± 0.1 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND 3.1 ± 0.9 GtC yr-1. For year 2015 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, showing a slowdown in growth of these emissions compared to the average growth of 1.8 % yr-1 that took place during 2006–2015. Also, for 2015, ELUC was 1.3 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM was 6.3 ± 0.2 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN was 3.0 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND was 1.9 ± 0.9 GtC yr-1. GATM was higher in 2015 compared to the past decade (2006–2015), reflecting a smaller SLAND for that year. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 399.4 ± 0.1 ppm averaged over 2015. For 2016, preliminary data indicate the continuation of low growth in EFF with +0.2 % (range of -1.0 to +1.8 %) based on national emissions projections for China and USA, and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. In spite of the low growth of EFF in 2016, the growth rate in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to be relatively high because of the persistence of the smaller residual terrestrial sink (SLAND) in response to El Niño conditions of 2015–2016. From this projection of EFF and assumed constant ELUC for 2016, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach 565 ± 55 GtC (2075 ± 205 GtCO2) for 1870–2016, about 75 % from EFF and 25 % from ELUC. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2016).

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; FC03-97ER62402/A010; SC0016323
OSTI ID:
1335372
Journal Information:
Earth System Science Data (Online), Vol. 8, Issue 2; ISSN 1866-3516
Publisher:
CopernicusCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 912 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Land use and land cover changes in Doume Communal Forest in eastern Cameroon: implications for conservation and sustainable management journal September 2019
Biophysics and vegetation cover change: a process-based evaluation framework for confronting land surface models with satellite observations journal March 2018
Beyond respiration: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes across the terrestrial-aquatic interface: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes journal February 2018
Pacific Anthropogenic Carbon Between 1991 and 2017 text January 2019
Adjusting Mitigation Pathways to Stabilize Climate at 1.5°C and 2.0°C Rise in Global Temperatures to Year 2300 journal March 2018
Computation and analysis of atmospheric carbon dioxide annual mean growth rates from satellite observations during 2003–2016 journal January 2018
Rightsizing carbon dioxide removal journal May 2017
Mare Incognitum: A Glimpse into Future Plankton Diversity and Ecology Research journal March 2017
Greenhouse gas emissions from lakes and impoundments: Upscaling in the face of global change: GHG emissions from lakes and impoundments journal March 2018
The political economy of negative emissions technologies: consequences for international policy design journal December 2017
Largely underestimated carbon emission from land use and land cover change in the conterminous United States journal August 2019
How does the terrestrial carbon exchange respond to inter-annual climatic variations? A quantification based on atmospheric CO 2 data journal January 2018
The Bern Simple Climate Model (BernSCM) v1.0: an extensible and fully documented open-source re-implementation of the Bern reduced-form model for global carbon cycle–climate simulations journal January 2018
Trade-Offs in Multi-Purpose Land Use under Land Degradation journal November 2017
Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters journal February 2018
Representing anthropogenic gross land use change, wood harvest, and forest age dynamics in a global vegetation model ORCHIDEE-MICT v8.4.2 journal January 2018
ESD Reviews: Climate feedbacks in the Earth system and prospects for their evaluation journal January 2019
Smaller global and regional carbon emissions from gross land use change when considering sub-grid secondary land cohorts in a global dynamic vegetation model journal January 2018
The impact of spatiotemporal variability in atmospheric CO2 concentration on global terrestrial carbon fluxes journal January 2018
Greening of the land surface in the world’s cold regions consistent with recent warming journal August 2018
Global land change from 1982 to 2016 journal August 2018
Poverty eradication in a carbon constrained world text January 2017
Poverty eradication in a carbon constrained world journal October 2017
CTDAS-Lagrange v1.0: A high-resolution data assimilation system for regional carbon dioxide observations journal December 2017
1.5 °C carbon budget dependent on carbon cycle uncertainty and future non-CO2 forcing journal April 2018
Role of Local Air‐Sea Interaction in Fire Activity Over Equatorial Asia journal December 2019
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide variability at Aigüestortes, Central Pyrenees, Spain journal December 2018
The Accelerating Land Carbon Sink of the 2000s May Not Be Driven Predominantly by the Warming Hiatus journal February 2018
Satellite-Based Models Need Improvements to Simulating Annual Gross Primary Productivity: A Comparison of Six Models for Regional Modeling of Deciduous Broadleaf Forests journal June 2018
The many possible climates from the Paris Agreement’s aim of 1.5 °C warming journal June 2018
Gross and net land cover changes in the main plant functional types derived from the annual ESA CCI land cover maps (1992–2015) journal January 2018
Toxic algal bloom induced by ocean acidification disrupts the pelagic food web journal November 2018
Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism (1/2): The bacterial system and prototype production journal April 2019
Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research journal April 2020
Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Topsoil Organic Carbon Concentration in Drylands Have Similar Effects at Regional and Global Scales journal March 2019
Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report journal August 2018
Assessing the role of megafauna in tropical forest ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles - the potential of vegetation models journal May 2018
Climate, ecosystems, and planetary futures: The challenge to predict life in Earth system models journal February 2018
Activation of cement hydration with carbon dioxide journal February 2018
The transition in energy demand sectors to limit global warming to 1.5 °C journal June 2018
Soil Respiration and Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Sink in the Territory of Russia: An Analytical Review journal June 2018
The Marine CO2 System and Its Peculiarities in the Baltic Sea book July 2017
Exploring the Potential of Satellite Solar-Induced Fluorescence to Constrain Global Transpiration Estimates journal February 2019
The impact of Earth system feedbacks on carbon budgets and climate response
  • Lowe, Jason A.; Bernie, Daniel
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2119 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0263
journal April 2018
Elevated CO 2 does not stimulate carbon sink in a semi-arid grassland journal January 2019
Reduction in global area burned and wildfire emissions since 1930s enhances carbon uptake by land journal April 2018
Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement journal January 2017
Warning signs for stabilizing global CO 2 emissions journal November 2017
Implementing the nitrogen cycle into the dynamic global vegetation, hydrology, and crop growth model LPJmL (version 5.0) journal January 2018
Evolving Temporal–Spatial Trends, Spatial Association, and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions in Mainland China: Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data from 2006 to 2015 journal August 2018
Meeting climate targets by direct CO2 injections: what price would the ocean have to pay? journal January 2019
Silvicultural Practices in Venezuelan Natural Forests: An Historical Perspective and Prospects of Sustainable Forest Management book March 2021
Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD 1850–2005 journal January 2018
Drivers of leaf carbon exchange capacity across biomes at the continental scale journal June 2018
Land cover change and carbon stores in a tropical montane cloud forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico journal October 2018
The Effects of Solar Radiation Management on the Carbon Cycle journal February 2018
Estimating water–food–ecosystem trade-offs for the global negative emission scenario (IPCC-RCP2.6) journal January 2018
Committed emissions from existing and planned power plants and asset stranding required to meet the Paris Agreement journal May 2018
The growing role of methane in anthropogenic climate change journal December 2016
Changes to the Air‐Sea Flux and Distribution of Radiocarbon in the Ocean Over the 21st Century journal June 2018
Calculating surface ocean pCO 2 from biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis : Calculating Ocean pCO journal March 2017
Vegetation anomalies caused by antecedent precipitation in most of the world journal July 2017
Revision of global carbon fluxes based on a reassessment of oceanic and riverine carbon transport journal June 2018
Factors regulating carbon sinks in mangrove ecosystems journal June 2018
Analytically tractable climate–carbon cycle feedbacks under 21st century anthropogenic forcing journal January 2018
Coastal morphology explains global blue carbon distributions posted_content August 2018
The importance of forest structure for carbon fluxes of the Amazon rainforest null January 2018
Simulating the recent impacts of multiple biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling across the United States journal December 2017
Risk‐sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change journal June 2018
A global moderate resolution dataset of gross primary production of vegetation for 2000–2016 journal October 2017
Sun-induced fluorescence and gross primary productivity during a heat wave journal September 2018
Towards a low CO 2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism in a two-step process of limestone dissolution and recrystallization: The bacterial system and prototype production posted_content January 2019
Wetlands In a Changing Climate: Science, Policy and Management journal April 2018
Global Carbon Budget 2018 journal January 2018
Microbial dormancy improves predictability of soil respiration at the seasonal time scale journal May 2019
Inorganic carbon and water masses in the Irminger Sea since 1991 journal January 2018
Global patterns in fine root decomposition: climate, chemistry, mycorrhizal association and woodiness journal March 2019
EDGAR v4.3.2 Global Atlas of the three major greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1970–2012 journal January 2019
Connected macroalgal‐sediment systems: blue carbon and food webs in the deep coastal ocean journal March 2019
Long‐Term and Seasonal Trends in Estuarine and Coastal Carbonate Systems journal March 2018
Modelling carbon stock and carbon sequestration ecosystem services for policy design: a comprehensive approach using a dynamic vegetation model journal November 2018
Autonomous observing platform CO 2 data shed new light on the Southern Ocean carbon cycle : Autonomous Observing Platform CO journal June 2017
Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world journal October 2017
The effect of Indian summer monsoon on the seasonal variation of carbon sequestration by a forest ecosystem over North-East India journal January 2020
Large‐Scale Droughts Responsible for Dramatic Reductions of Terrestrial Net Carbon Uptake Over North America in 2011 and 2012 journal July 2018
On the need for regional climate information over Africa under varying levels of global warming journal June 2018
Global atmospheric CO 2 inverse models converging on neutral tropical land exchange, but disagreeing on fossil fuel and atmospheric growth rate journal January 2019
A Bayesian ensemble data assimilation to constrain model parameters and land-use carbon emissions text January 2018
Pacific Anthropogenic Carbon Between 1991 and 2017 journal May 2019
Eutrophication will increase methane emissions from lakes and impoundments during the 21st century journal March 2019
Changes in vegetation phenology are not reflected in atmospheric CO 2 and 13 C/ 12 C seasonality journal February 2017
Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100 journal June 2017
Ocean Acidification Regulates the Activity, Community Structure, and Functional Potential of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton in an Oligotrophic Gyre journal April 2019
Monitoring Deforestation in Rainforests Using Satellite Data: A Pilot Study from Kalimantan, Indonesia journal July 2018
Focus on cumulative emissions, global carbon budgets and the implications for climate mitigation targets journal December 2017
Planetary boundaries for a blue planet journal October 2017
Mathematical Methods in the Earth and Environmental Sciences book January 2019
Zero carbon energy system pathways for Ireland consistent with the Paris Agreement journal April 2018
Technologically achievable soil organic carbon sequestration in world croplands and grasslands journal November 2018
Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO 2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration journal July 2018
The utility of the historical record for assessing the transient climate response to cumulative emissions
  • Millar, Richard J.; Friedlingstein, Pierre
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2119 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0449
journal April 2018
Adaptation of global land use and management intensity to changes in climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide text January 2018
An improved parameterization of leaf area index (LAI) seasonality in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) modelling framework journal January 2018
Microbial dormancy improves predictability of soil respiration at the seasonal time scale journal October 2018
Methane emissions: choosing the right climate metric and time horizon journal January 2018
Towards Estimating Land Evaporation at Field Scales Using GLEAM journal October 2018
Potential improvements in global carbon flux estimates from a network of laser heterodyne radiometer measurements of column carbon dioxide journal January 2019
Towards defining an environmental investment universe within planetary boundaries journal May 2018
Representation of fire, land-use change and vegetation dynamics in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator vn4.9 (JULES) journal January 2019
Bottom Water Acidification and Warming on the Western Eurasian Arctic Shelves: Dynamical Downscaling Projections: SHELF BOTTOM ACIDIFICATION IN THE ARCTIC journal October 2017
Characterizing uncertainties in the ESA-CCI land cover map of the epoch 2010 and their impacts on MPI-ESM climate simulations journal November 2018
Lower land-use emissions responsible for increased net land carbon sink during the slow warming period journal August 2018
Monitoring NDVI Inter-Annual Behavior in Mountain Areas of Mainland Spain (2001–2016) journal November 2018
Altered trends in carbon uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus journal February 2019
Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Eucalyptus from Brazil for Energy and Transportation Services in Europe journal November 2018
The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): instrumentation and methodology journal January 2018
Seasonal time-course of the above ground biomass production efficiency in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) journal March 2018
Study on Adsorption Mechanism and Failure Characteristics of CO2 Adsorption by Potassium-Based Adsorbents with Different Supports journal November 2018
Focus on negative emissions journal November 2017
Residual fossil CO2 emissions in 1.5–2 °C pathways journal June 2018
High‐Frequency Variability of Small‐Particle Carbon Export Flux in the Northeast Atlantic journal December 2018
21st-century modeled permafrost carbon emissions accelerated by abrupt thaw beneath lakes journal August 2018
Decadal-Scale Acidification Trends in Adjacent North Carolina Estuaries: Competing Role of Anthropogenic CO2 and Riverine Alkalinity Loads journal March 2019
Shifting from a fertilization-dominated to a warming-dominated period journal September 2017
The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): Instrumentation and Methodology posted_content November 2017
The Silurian hypothesis: would it be possible to detect an industrial civilization in the geological record? journal April 2018
Spatial-temporal dynamics of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in economically developed areas of China: a case study of Guangdong Province journal September 2018
Variability of nutrients and carbon dioxide in the Antarctic Intermediate Water between 1990 and 2014 journal February 2018
A successful prediction of the record CO 2 rise associated with the 2015/2016 El Niño journal October 2018
Uncertainty Quantification of Extratropical Forest Biomass in CMIP5 Models over the Northern Hemisphere journal July 2018
Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective journal August 2019
FAIR v1.3: a simple emissions-based impulse response and carbon cycle model journal January 2018
The whole-soil carbon flux in response to warming journal March 2017
Coastal ocean acidification and increasing total alkalinity in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea journal January 2017
Dry Reforming of Ethanol and Glycerol: Mini-Review journal December 2019
Trends of the EU’s territorial and consumption-based emissions from 1990 to 2016 journal October 2018
China's “Exported Carbon” Peak: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications text January 2018
Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake: an improved multiyear estimate of the air–sea CO2 flux incorporating chlorophyll a concentrations journal January 2018
Comparison of Regional Simulation of Biospheric CO2 Flux from the Updated Version of CarbonTracker Asia with FLUXCOM and Other Inversions over Asia journal January 2020
The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO 2 , version 2016 (ODIAC2016): a global monthly fossil fuel CO 2 gridded emissions data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions journal January 2018
Detection of Spatiotemporal Extreme Changes in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Based on Satellite Observations journal May 2018
Historical deforestation locally increased the intensity of hot days in northern mid-latitudes journal April 2018
Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 outgassing in the Mekong delta journal January 2018
Uncovering mechanisms of global ocean change effects on the Dungeness crab ( Cancer magister ) through metabolomics analysis journal March 2019
Assessment of Autonomous pH Measurements for Determining Surface Seawater Partial Pressure of CO 2 journal June 2018
Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction
  • Busch, J.; Barthlott, W.; Brede, M.
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 377, Issue 2138 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0263
journal December 2018
Temporal Scaling of Carbon Emission and Accumulation Rates: Modern Anthropogenic Emissions Compared to Estimates of PETM Onset Accumulation journal March 2019
Diagnosing spatial error structures in CO2 mole fractions and XCO2 column mole fractions from atmospheric transport journal January 2019
Recent NDVI Trends in Mainland Spain: Land-Cover and Phytoclimatic-Type Implications journal January 2019
Sea Ice Meltwater and Circumpolar Deep Water Drive Contrasting Productivity in Three Antarctic Polynyas journal May 2019
Limits to agricultural land for retaining acceptable levels of local biodiversity journal June 2019
Environmental drivers of forest structure and stem turnover across Venezuelan tropical forests journal June 2018
Detecting drought impact on terrestrial biosphere carbon fluxes over contiguous US with satellite observations journal September 2018
Five decades of northern land carbon uptake revealed by the interhemispheric CO2 gradient journal April 2019
Precipitation thresholds regulate net carbon exchange at the continental scale journal September 2018

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