A common origin for globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarfs in simulations of the first galaxies
Abstract
In this study, the first in a series on galaxy formation before reionization, we focus on understanding what determines the size and morphology of stellar objects in the first low-mass galaxies, using parsec-scale cosmological simulations performed with an adaptive mesh hydrodynamics code. Although the dense gas in which stars are formed tends to have a disk structure, stars are found in spheroids with little rotation. Halos with masses between $${10}^{6}\,{M}_{\odot }$$ and $$5\times {10}^{8}\,{M}_{\odot }$$ form stars stochastically, with stellar masses in the range $${10}^{4}\,{M}_{\odot }$$ to $$2\times {10}^{6}\,{M}_{\odot }$$. We observe, nearly independent of stellar mass, a large range of half-light radii for the stars, from a few parsecs to a few hundred parsecs and surface brightnesses and mass-to-light ratios ranging from those typical of globular clusters to ultra-faint dwarfs. In our simulations, stars form in dense stellar clusters with high gas-to-star conversion efficiencies and rather uniform metallicities. A fraction of these clusters remain bound after the gas is removed by feedback, but others are destroyed, and their stars, which typically have velocity dispersions of 20–40 km s–1, expand until they become bound by the dark matter halo. We thus speculate that the stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies maymore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); The Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1331773
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-16-286-A; arXiv:1607.04291
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; 1476324
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 831; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; theory; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; methods: numerical
Citation Formats
Ricotti, Massimo, Parry, Owen H., and Gnedin, Nickolay Y. A common origin for globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarfs in simulations of the first galaxies. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/204.
Ricotti, Massimo, Parry, Owen H., & Gnedin, Nickolay Y. A common origin for globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarfs in simulations of the first galaxies. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/204
Ricotti, Massimo, Parry, Owen H., and Gnedin, Nickolay Y. 2016.
"A common origin for globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarfs in simulations of the first galaxies". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/204. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1331773.
@article{osti_1331773,
title = {A common origin for globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarfs in simulations of the first galaxies},
author = {Ricotti, Massimo and Parry, Owen H. and Gnedin, Nickolay Y.},
abstractNote = {In this study, the first in a series on galaxy formation before reionization, we focus on understanding what determines the size and morphology of stellar objects in the first low-mass galaxies, using parsec-scale cosmological simulations performed with an adaptive mesh hydrodynamics code. Although the dense gas in which stars are formed tends to have a disk structure, stars are found in spheroids with little rotation. Halos with masses between ${10}^{6}\,{M}_{\odot }$ and $5\times {10}^{8}\,{M}_{\odot }$ form stars stochastically, with stellar masses in the range ${10}^{4}\,{M}_{\odot }$ to $2\times {10}^{6}\,{M}_{\odot }$. We observe, nearly independent of stellar mass, a large range of half-light radii for the stars, from a few parsecs to a few hundred parsecs and surface brightnesses and mass-to-light ratios ranging from those typical of globular clusters to ultra-faint dwarfs. In our simulations, stars form in dense stellar clusters with high gas-to-star conversion efficiencies and rather uniform metallicities. A fraction of these clusters remain bound after the gas is removed by feedback, but others are destroyed, and their stars, which typically have velocity dispersions of 20–40 km s–1, expand until they become bound by the dark matter halo. We thus speculate that the stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies may show kinematic and chemical signatures consistent with their origin in a few distinct stellar clusters. On the other hand, some globular clusters may form at the center of primordial dwarf galaxies and may contain dark matter, perhaps detectable in the outer parts.},
doi = {10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/204},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1331773},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
issn = {1538-4357},
number = 2,
volume = 831,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Wed Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
Web of Science
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Gas clump formation via thermal instability in high-redshift dwarf galaxy mergers
journal, January 2018
- Arata, Shohei; Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro
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Snake in the Clouds: a new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge*
journal, July 2018
- Koposov, Sergey E.; Walker, Matthew G.; Belokurov, Vasily
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 4
Globular clusters formed within dark haloes I: present-day abundance, distribution, and kinematics
journal, October 2018
- Creasey, Peter; Sales, Laura V.; Peng, Eric W.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 1
Massive star cluster formation under the microscope at z = 6
journal, December 2018
- Vanzella, E.; Calura, F.; Meneghetti, M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 3
Tidal stripping and the structure of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group
journal, February 2018
- Fattahi, Azadeh; Navarro, Julio F.; Frenk, Carlos S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 3
The evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations
journal, June 2019
- Pfeffer, Joel; Bastian, Nate; Crain, Robert A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 4
Ghostly haloes in dwarf galaxies: constraints on the star formation efficiency before reionization
journal, July 2019
- Kang, Hoyoung D.; Ricotti, Massimo
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2
Radiative properties of the first galaxies: rapid transition between UV and infrared bright phases
journal, July 2019
- Arata, Shohei; Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2
Simulating star clusters across cosmic time – I. Initial mass function, star formation rates, and efficiencies
journal, August 2019
- He, Chong-Chong; Ricotti, Massimo; Geen, Sam
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 2
Ionizing the intergalactic medium by star clusters: the first empirical evidence
journal, August 2019
- Vanzella, E.; Caminha, G. B.; Calura, F.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 1
Stellar envelopes of globular clusters embedded in dark mini-haloes
journal, June 2017
- Peñarrubia, Jorge; Varri, Anna Lisa; Breen, Philip G.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 471, Issue 1
Growth of First Galaxies: Impacts of Star Formation and Stellar Feedback
journal, August 2017
- Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro; Zhu, Qirong
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 846, Issue 1
Two Thresholds for Globular Cluster Formation and the Common Occurrence of Massive Clusters in the Early Universe
journal, December 2018
- Elmegreen, Bruce G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs
journal, January 2019
- Ji, Alexander P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Frebel, Anna
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXIII. Fundamentals of Nuclear Star Clusters over Seven Decades in Galaxy Mass
journal, June 2019
- Sánchez-Janssen, Rubén; Côté, Patrick; Ferrarese, Laura
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1
Revealing the Complicated Story of the Cetus Stream with StarGO
journal, August 2019
- Yuan, Zhen; Smith, M. C.; Xue, Xiang-Xiang
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
Globular Cluster Formation from Colliding Substructure
journal, February 2020
- Madau, Piero; Lupi, Alessandro; Diemand, Jürg
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Phase-space Correlation in Stellar Streams of the Milky Way Halo: The Clash of Kshir and GD-1
journal, November 2019
- Malhan, Khyati; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Carlberg, Raymond G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1
Exploring the Outskirts of Globular Clusters: The Peculiar Kinematics of NGC 3201
journal, December 2019
- Bianchini, P.; Ibata, R.; Famaey, B.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
Growth of First Galaxies: Impacts of Star Formation and Stellar Feedback
text, January 2017
- Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro; Zhu, Qirong
- arXiv
Stellar envelopes of globular clusters embedded in dark mini-haloes
text, January 2017
- Peñarrubia, Jorge; Varri, Anna Lisa; Breen, Philip G.
- arXiv
Tidal stripping and the structure of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group
text, January 2017
- Fattahi, Azadeh; Navarro, Julio F.; Frenk, Carlos S.
- arXiv
Gas clump formation via thermal instability in high-redshift dwarf galaxy mergers
text, January 2017
- Arata, Shohei; Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro
- arXiv
The E-MOSAICS Project: simulating the formation and co-evolution of galaxies and their star cluster populations
text, January 2017
- Pfeffer, Joel; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Crain, Robert A.
- arXiv
Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge
text, January 2018
- Koposov, Sergey E.; Walker, Matthew G.; Belokurov, Vasily
- arXiv
Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-Capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs
text, January 2018
- Ji, Alexander P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Frebel, Anna
- arXiv
Massive Star cluster formation under the microscope at z=6
text, January 2018
- Vanzella, E.; Calura, F.; Meneghetti, M.
- arXiv
Ghostly Halos in Dwarf Galaxies: Constraints on the Star Formation Efficiency before Reionization
text, January 2018
- Kang, Hoyoung; Ricotti, Massimo
- arXiv
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXIII. Fundamentals of nuclear star clusters over seven decades in galaxy mass
text, January 2018
- Sánchez-Janssen, R.; Côté, P.; Ferrarese, L.
- arXiv
Simulating Star Clusters Across Cosmic Time: I. Initial Mass Function, Star Formation Rates and Efficiencies
text, January 2019
- He, Chong-Chong; Ricotti, Massimo; Geen, Sam
- arXiv
Ionising the Intergalactic Medium by Star Clusters: The first empirical evidence
text, January 2019
- Vanzella, E.; Caminha, G. B.; Calura, F.
- arXiv
The evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations
text, January 2019
- Pfeffer, Joel; Bastian, Nate; Crain, Robert A.
- arXiv
Exploring the outskirts of globular clusters: the peculiar kinematics of NGC 3201
text, January 2019
- Bianchini, P.; Ibata, R.; Famaey, B.
- arXiv