Establishing the precise evolutionary history of a gene improves prediction of disease-causing missense mutations

Adebali, Ogun; Reznik, Alexander O.; Ory, Daniel S.; Zhulin, Igor B.

doi:10.1038/gim.2015.208

Title: Establishing the precise evolutionary history of a gene improves prediction of disease-causing missense mutations

Journal Article · Thu Feb 18 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Genetics in Medicine

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2015.208· OSTI ID:1327749

^[1]; Reznik, Alexander O. ^[2]; Ory, Daniel S. ^[3]; Zhulin, Igor B. ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical Univ., Saint Petersburg (Russia)
Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States)

Here, predicting the phenotypic effects of mutations has become an important application in clinical genetic diagnostics. Computational tools evaluate the behavior of the variant over evolutionary time and assume that variations seen during the course of evolution are probably benign in humans. However, current tools do not take into account orthologous/paralogous relationships. Paralogs have dramatically different roles in Mendelian diseases. For example, whereas inactivating mutations in the NPC1 gene cause the neurodegenerative disorder Niemann-Pick C, inactivating mutations in its paralog NPC1L1 are not disease-causing and, moreover, are implicated in protection from coronary heart disease. Methods: We identified major events in NPC1 evolution and revealed and compared orthologs and paralogs of the human NPC1 gene through phylogenetic and protein sequence analyses. We predicted whether an amino acid substitution affects protein function by reducing the organism s fitness. As a result, removing the paralogs and distant homologs improved the overall performance of categorizing disease-causing and benign amino acid substitutions. In conclusion, the results show that a thorough evolutionary analysis followed by identification of orthologs improves the accuracy in predicting disease-causing missense mutations. We anticipate that this approach will be used as a reference in the interpretation of variants in other genetic diseases as well.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1327749

Journal Information:: Genetics in Medicine, Vol. 18, Issue 10; ISSN 1098-3600

Publisher:: American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics - Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 23 works

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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Title: Establishing the precise evolutionary history of a gene improves prediction of disease-causing missense mutations

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