The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Schroder, Kjell; Li, Juchuan; Dudney, Nancy J.; Meng, Ying Shirley; Stevenson, Keith J.; Alvarado, Judith

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01627

Title: The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Abstract

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) has become a standard electrolyte additive for use with silicon negative electrodes, but how FEC affects solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the silicon anode’s surface is still not well understood. Herein, SEI formed from LiPF6-based carbonate electrolytes, with and without FEC, were investigated on 50 nm thick amorphous silicon thin film electrodes to understand the role of FEC on silicon electrode surface reactions. In contrast to previous work, anhydrous and anoxic techniques were used to prevent air and moisture contamination of prepared SEI films. This allowed for accurate characterization of the SEI structure and composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling. These results show that FEC reduction leads to fluoride ion and LiF formation, consistent with previous computational and experimental results. Surprisingly, we also find that these species decrease lithium-ion solubility and increase the reactivity of the silicon surface. We conclude that the effectiveness of FEC at improving the Coulombic efficiency and capacity retention is due to fluoride ion formation from reduction of the electrolyte, which leads to the chemical attack of any silicon-oxide surface passivation layers and the formation of a kinetically stable SEI comprising predominately lithium fluoride andmore » lithium oxide.« less

Authors:

Schroder, Kjell ^[1]; Li, Juchuan ^[2]; Dudney, Nancy J. ^[2]; Meng, Ying Shirley ^[3]; Stevenson, Keith J. ^[1]; Alvarado, Judith ^[3]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Understanding Charge Separation and Transfer at Interfaces in Energy Materials (CST)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1261351

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0001091

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Chemistry of Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 2015; Journal Issue: 27; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats


                    Schroder, Kjell, Li, Juchuan, Dudney, Nancy J., Meng, Ying Shirley, Stevenson, Keith J., and Alvarado, Judith. The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
        Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01627.

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                    Schroder, Kjell, Li, Juchuan, Dudney, Nancy J., Meng, Ying Shirley, Stevenson, Keith J., & Alvarado, Judith. The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01627

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                    Schroder, Kjell, Li, Juchuan, Dudney, Nancy J., Meng, Ying Shirley, Stevenson, Keith J., and Alvarado, Judith. 2015.  
        "The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01627.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1261351.

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@article{osti_1261351,

  title        = {The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes},

  author       = {Schroder, Kjell and Li, Juchuan and Dudney, Nancy J. and Meng, Ying Shirley and Stevenson, Keith J. and Alvarado, Judith},

  abstractNote = {Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) has become a standard electrolyte additive for use with silicon negative electrodes, but how FEC affects solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the silicon anode’s surface is still not well understood. Herein, SEI formed from LiPF6-based carbonate electrolytes, with and without FEC, were investigated on 50 nm thick amorphous silicon thin film electrodes to understand the role of FEC on silicon electrode surface reactions. In contrast to previous work, anhydrous and anoxic techniques were used to prevent air and moisture contamination of prepared SEI films. This allowed for accurate characterization of the SEI structure and composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling. These results show that FEC reduction leads to fluoride ion and LiF formation, consistent with previous computational and experimental results. Surprisingly, we also find that these species decrease lithium-ion solubility and increase the reactivity of the silicon surface. We conclude that the effectiveness of FEC at improving the Coulombic efficiency and capacity retention is due to fluoride ion formation from reduction of the electrolyte, which leads to the chemical attack of any silicon-oxide surface passivation layers and the formation of a kinetically stable SEI comprising predominately lithium fluoride and lithium oxide.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01627},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1261351},
  journal      = {Chemistry of Materials},

  issn         = {0897-4756},

  number       = 27,

  volume       = 2015,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Mon Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Title: The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Abstract

Citation Formats

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journal, March 2014

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journal, March 2010

Effect of Lithiation Potential and Cycling on Chemical and Morphological Evolution of Si Thin Film Electrode Studied by ToF-SIMS
journal, July 2014

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journal, November 2005

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journal, December 2007

In situ atomic-scale imaging of electrochemical lithiation in silicon
journal, October 2012

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journal, August 2013

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journal, January 2014

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journal, April 2006

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journal, January 2011

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journal, January 2013

Surface chemistry and morphology of the solid electrolyte interphase on silicon nanowire lithium-ion battery anodes
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TOF SIMS characterization of SEI layer on battery electrodes
journal, August 2014

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journal, June 2014

The Role of Sei in Lithium and Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, January 1995

Reduction mechanisms of additives on Si anodes of Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2014

Computational Study on the Solubility of Lithium Salts Formed on Lithium Ion Battery Negative Electrode in Organic Solvents
journal, April 2010

Improved Performance of the Silicon Anode for Li-Ion Batteries: Understanding the Surface Modification Mechanism of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Effective Electrolyte Additive
journal, March 2015

A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries
journal, September 2010

Study of lithiation mechanisms in silicon electrodes by Auger Electron Spectroscopy
journal, January 2013

Examining Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Crystalline Silicon Electrodes: Influence of Electrochemical Preparation and Ambient Exposure Conditions
journal, September 2012

Role of the LiPF ₆ Salt for the Long-Term Stability of Silicon Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries – A Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
journal, January 2013

Solution-Grown Germanium Nanowire Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, August 2012

Investigating the solid electrolyte interphase using binder-free graphite electrodes
journal, January 2008

The sei model—application to lithium-polymer electrolyte batteries
journal, October 1995

Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes
journal, September 2011

Improved cycling stability of silicon thin film electrodes through patterning for high energy density lithium batteries
journal, February 2011

Advanced Model for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Electrodes in Liquid and Polymer Electrolytes
journal, January 1997

Economical Synthesis and Promotion of the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Nanowires as Anode Material in Li-Ion Batteries
journal, February 2013

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journal, January 2012

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journal, April 1996

Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) on the Performance and Surface Chemistry of Si-Nanowire Li-Ion Battery Anodes
journal, December 2011

Consequences of air exposure on the lithiated graphite SEI
journal, August 2013

Role of Surface Oxides in the Formation of Solid–Electrolyte Interphases at Silicon Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, November 2014

Silicon/carbon nanocomposite pyrolyzed from phenolic resin as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
journal, December 2013

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journal, January 2009

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journal, January 1998

Evolution of the Si electrode/electrolyte interface in lithium batteries characterized by XPS and AFM techniques: The influence of vinylene carbonate additive
journal, May 2012

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journal, September 1999

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journal, January 2007

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journal, March 2011

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journal, January 2013

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journal, December 2008

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journal, December 2013

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journal, December 2013

Modeling Electrochemical Decomposition of Fluoroethylene Carbonate on Silicon Anode Surfaces in Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, December 2013

Nanosilicon Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Interfacial Mechanisms Studied by Hard and Soft X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
journal, February 2012

Origin of non-SEI related coulombic efficiency loss in carbons tested against Na and Li
journal, January 2014

Silicon Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) of Lithium Ion Battery Characterized by Microscopy and Spectroscopy
journal, June 2013

Comparative Study of Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate for Silicon Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, January 2014

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journal, January 2011

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journal, October 2013

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journal, February 2013

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journal, January 2009

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journal, June 2014

Interconnected Silicon Hollow Nanospheres for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes with Long Cycle Life
journal, July 2011

Thermal stability of LiPF6 salt and Li-ion battery electrolytes containing LiPF6
journal, October 2006

Lithium fluoride dissolution equilibria in cyclic alkylcarbonates and water
journal, May 2010

Two-Phase Electrochemical Lithiation in Amorphous Silicon
journal, January 2013

Effects of Inhomogeneities—Nanoscale to Mesoscale—on the Durability of Li-Ion Batteries
journal, February 2013

Control of Interface Order by Inverse Quasi-Epitaxial Growth of Squaraine/Fullerene Thin Film Photovoltaics
journal, September 2013

Effect of vinylene carbonate (VC) as electrolyte additive on electrochemical performance of Si film anode for lithium ion batteries
journal, December 2007

Cyclable Lithium and Capacity Loss in Li-Ion Cells
journal, January 2005

Thermal stability of LiPF6/EC+DEC electrolyte with charged electrodes for lithium ion batteries
journal, October 2005

Size-Dependent Fracture of Silicon Nanoparticles During Lithiation
journal, January 2012

Effect of the Electrolyte Composition on SEI Reactions at Si Anodes of Li-Ion Batteries
journal, March 2015

A Mathematical Model for the Lithium-Ion Negative Electrode Solid Electrolyte Interphase
journal, January 2004

A Yolk-Shell Design for Stabilized and Scalable Li-Ion Battery Alloy Anodes
journal, May 2012

Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python
conference, January 2010

Fluoroethylene Carbonate Enabling a Robust LiF-rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase to Enhance the Stability of the MoS ₂ Anode for Lithium-Ion Storage
journal, February 2018

A high-energy sulfur cathode in carbonate electrolyte by eliminating polysulfides via solid-phase lithium-sulfur transformation
journal, October 2018

Differentiating the Degradation Phenomena in Silicon-Graphite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2017

A self-cooling and flame-retardant electrolyte for safer lithium ion batteries
journal, January 2018

Coupling of a conductive Ni ₃ (2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) ₂ metal–organic framework with silicon nanoparticles for use in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2020

Insights from Studying the Origins of Reversible and Irreversible Capacities on Silicon Electrodes
journal, December 2016

Dynamic behaviour of interphases and its implication on high-energy-density cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries
journal, April 2017

Minimized lithium trapping by isovalent isomorphism for high initial Coulombic efficiency of silicon anodes
journal, November 2019

Ultra-thin solid electrolyte interphase evolution and wrinkling processes in molybdenum disulfide-based lithium-ion batteries
journal, July 2019

Fluorine-donating electrolytes enable highly reversible 5-V-class Li metal batteries
journal, January 2018