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Title: Structure, mineralogy, and microbial diversity of geothermal spring microbialites associated with a deep oil drilling in Romania

Journal Article · · Frontiers in Microbiology
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [4];  [4];  [5];  [6]
  1. National Inst. of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Cluj-Napoca (Romania). Inst. of Biological Research; Babe,s-Bolyai Univ., Cluj-Napoca (Romania)
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology
  3. Babe,s-Bolyai Univ., Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Kazan Federal Univ., Tatarstan (Russia)
  4. Babe,s-Bolyai Univ., Cluj-Napoca (Romania)
  5. Biological Research Center, Jibou (Romania)
  6. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Modern mineral deposits play an important role in evolutionary studies by providing clues to the formation of ancient lithified microbial communities. Here we report the presence of microbialite-forming microbial mats in different microenvironments at 32°C, 49°C, and 65°C around the geothermal spring from an abandoned oil drill in Ciocaia, Romania. The mineralogy and the macro- and microstructure of the microbialites were investigated, together with their microbial diversity based on a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach. The calcium carbonate is deposited mainly in the form of calcite. At 32°C and 49°C, the microbialites show a laminated structure with visible microbial mat-carbonate crystal interactions. At 65°C, the mineral deposit is clotted, without obvious organic residues. Partial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that the relative abundance of the phylum Archaea was low at 32°C (<0.5%) but increased significantly at 65°C (36%). The bacterial diversity was either similar to other microbialites described in literature (the 32°C sample) or displayed a specific combination of phyla and classes (the 49°C and 65°C samples). Bacterial taxa were distributed among 39 phyla, out of which 14 had inferred abundances >1%. The dominant bacterial groups at 32°C were Cyanobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Thermi, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Defferibacteres. At 49°C, there was a striking dominance of the Gammaproteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Armantimonadetes. The 65°C sample was dominated by Betaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, [OP1], Defferibacteres, Thermi, Thermotogae, [EM3], and Nitrospirae. Lastly, several groups from Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, together with Halobacteria and Melainabacteria were described for the first time in calcium carbonate deposits. Overall, the spring from Ciocaia emerges as a valuable site to probe microbes-minerals interrelationships along thermal and geochemical gradients.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
PD104/2012; PN09-360201
OSTI ID:
1260667
Journal Information:
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6; ISSN 1664-302X
Publisher:
Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 22 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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