Divergent Evolution of Nuclear Localization Signal Sequences in Herpesvirus Terminase Subunits

Sankhala, Rajeshwer S.; Lokareddy, Ravi K.; Cingolani, Gino

doi:10.1074/jbc.M116.724393

Title: Divergent Evolution of Nuclear Localization Signal Sequences in Herpesvirus Terminase Subunits

Journal Article · Thu Mar 31 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Biological Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.724393· OSTI ID:1257476

Sankhala, Rajeshwer S. ^[1]; Lokareddy, Ravi K. ^[1]; Cingolani, Gino ^[2]

Thomas Jefferson Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Thomas Jefferson Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States); National Research Council, Bari (Italy)

The tripartite terminase complex of herpesviruses assembles in the cytoplasm of infected cells and exploits the host nuclear import machinery to gain access to the nucleus, where capsid assembly and genome-packaging occur. Here we analyzed the structure and conservation of nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences previously identified in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) large terminase and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) small terminase. We found a monopartite NLS at the N terminus of large terminase, flanking the ATPase domain, that is conserved only in α-herpesviruses. In contrast, small terminase exposes a classical NLS at the far C terminus of its helical structure that is conserved only in two genera of the β-subfamily and absent in α- and γ-herpesviruses. In addition, we predicted a classical NLS in the third terminase subunit that is partially conserved among herpesviruses. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that both location and potency of NLSs in terminase subunits evolved more rapidly than the rest of the amino acid sequence despite the selective pressure to keep terminase gene products active and localized in the nucleus. Here, we propose that swapping NLSs among terminase subunits is a regulatory mechanism that allows different herpesviruses to regulate the kinetics of terminase nuclear import, reflecting a mechanism of virus:host adaptation.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Inst. of Health

Grant/Contract Number:: R01GM100888; P30 CA56036

OSTI ID:: 1257476

Journal Information:: Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 291, Issue 21; ISSN 0021-9258

Publisher:: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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Title: Divergent Evolution of Nuclear Localization Signal Sequences in Herpesvirus Terminase Subunits

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