Increased inflammation in sanctuary sites may explain viral blips in HIV infection

Piovoso, Michael J.; Cardozo, E. Fabian; Zurakowski, Ryan

doi:10.1049/iet-syb.2015.0066

Title: Increased inflammation in sanctuary sites may explain viral blips in HIV infection

Journal Article · Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · IET Systems Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-syb.2015.0066· OSTI ID:1255268

Piovoso, Michael J. ^[1]; Cardozo, E. Fabian ^[2]; Zurakowski, Ryan ^[3]

Pennsylvania State Univ., Malvern, PA (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)
Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)

Here, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppress HIV-1 viral replication, such that viral load in plasma remains below the limit of detection in standard assays. However, intermittent episodes of transient viremia (blips) occur in a set of HIV-patients. Given that follicular hyperplasia occurs during lymphoid inflammation as a normal response to infection, it is hypothesised that when the diameter of the lymph node follicle (LNF) increases and crosses a critical size, a viral blip occurs due to cryptic viremia. To study this hypothesis, a theoretical analysis of a mathematical model is performed to find the conditions for virus suppression in all compartments and different scenarios of LNF size changes are simulated. According to the analysis, blips with duration of around 30 days arise when the diameter rise rate is between 0.02 and 0.03 days^–1. Moreover, the final diameter of the site is directly related to the steady states of the virus load after the occurrence of a blip. When the value of R₀ is around 2.1, to have a steady-state below the limit of detection after the viral blip, the maximum final diameters should be greater than 0.7 mm so that there is a relative loss of connection between compartments.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1255268

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-20164

Journal Information:: IET Systems Biology, Journal Name: IET Systems Biology; ISSN 1751-8849

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 2 works

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