Advanced characterization study of commercial conversion and electrocoating structures on magnesium alloys AZ31B and ZE10A

Brady, Michael P.; Leonard, Donovan N.; Meyer, III, Harry M.; Song, Guang -Ling; Kitchen, Kris; Davis, Bruce; Thompson, J. K.; Unocic, K. A.; Elsentriecy, H. H.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.03.066

Title: Advanced characterization study of commercial conversion and electrocoating structures on magnesium alloys AZ31B and ZE10A

Journal Article · Thu Mar 31 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Surface and Coatings Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.03.066· OSTI ID:1247943

Brady, Michael P. ^[1]; Leonard, Donovan N. ^[1]; Meyer, III, Harry M. ^[1]; Song, Guang -Ling ^[2]; Kitchen, Kris ^[3]; Davis, Bruce ^[3]; Thompson, J. K. ^[1]; Unocic, K. A. ^[1]; Elsentriecy, H. H. ^[4]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Xiamen Univ., Fujian (China)
Magnesium Elektron North America, Madison, IL (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Central Metallurgical Research & Development Institute, Cairo (Egypt)

The local metal-coating interface microstructure and chemistry formed on commercial magnesium alloys Mg–3Al–1Zn (AZ31B) and Mg–1Zn–0.25Zr–<0.5Nd (ZE10A, ZEK100 type) were analyzed as-chemical conversion coated with a commercial hexafluoro-titanate/zirconate type + organic polymer based treatment (Bonderite® 5200) and a commercial hexafluoro-zirconate type + trivalent chromium Cr3 + type treatment (Surtec® 650), and after the same conversion coatings followed by electrocoating with an epoxy based coating, Cathoguard® 525. Characterization techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cross-section scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Corrosion behavior was assessed in room temperature saturated aqueous Mg(OH)2 solution with 1 wt.% NaCl. The goal of the effort was to assess the degree to which substrate alloy additions become enriched in the conversion coating, and how the conversion coating was impacted by subsequent electrocoating. Key findings included the enrichment of Al from AZ31B and Zr from ZE10A, respectively, into the conversion coating, with moderate corrosion resistance benefits for AZ31B when Al was incorporated. Varying degrees of increased porosity and modification of the initial conversion coating chemistry at the metal-coating interface were observed after electrocoating. These changes were postulated to result in degraded electrocoating protectiveness. As a result, these observations highlight the challenges of coating Mg, and the need to tailor electrocoating in light of potential degradation of the initial as-conversion coated Mg alloy surface.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1247943

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1359903

Journal Information:: Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 294, Issue C; ISSN 0257-8972

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 17 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (41)

Magnesium: Current and potential automotive applications Luo, Alan A. JOM, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02701073	journal	February 2002
Review of Recent Developments in the Field of Magnesium Corrosion: Recent Developments in Mg Corrosion Atrens, Andrej; Song, Guang-Ling; Liu, Ming Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201400434	journal	January 2015
Corrosion of magnesium alloys: the role of alloying Gusieva, K.; Davies, C. H. J.; Scully, J. R. International Materials Reviews, Vol. 60, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743280414Y.0000000046	journal	October 2014
Corrosion mechanism and hydrogen evolution on Mg Thomas, S.; Medhekar, N. V.; Frankel, G. S. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2014.09.005	journal	April 2015
General and Localized Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys: A Critical Review Ghali, Edward; Dietzel, Wolfgang; Kainer, Karl-Ulrich Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1361/10599490417533	journal	February 2004
Formation and breakdown of surface films on magnesium and its alloys in aqueous solutions Hara, Nobuyoshi; Kobayashi, Yasuhiro; Kagaya, Daisuke Corrosion Science, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.05.033	journal	January 2007
Corrosion of magnesium Makar, G. L.; Kruger, J. International Materials Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1993.38.3.138	journal	January 1993
Corrosion Mechanisms of Magnesium Alloys Song, G. L.; Atrens, A. Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1527-2648(199909)1:1<11::AID-ADEM11>3.0.CO;2-N	journal	September 1999
Corrosion of ultra-high-purity Mg in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg(OH)2 Cao, Fuyong; Shi, Zhiming; Hofstetter, Joelle Corrosion Science, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.05.018	journal	October 2013
An exploratory study of the corrosion of Mg alloys during interrupted salt spray testing Zhao, Ming-Chun; Schmutz, Patrik; Brunner, Samuel Corrosion Science, Vol. 51, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.03.014	journal	June 2009
Review of studies on corrosion of magnesium alloys Zeng, Rong-chang; Zhang, Jin; Huang, Wei-jiu Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(06)60297-5	journal	June 2006
Technical Note: Examination of Focused Ion Beam-Sectioned Surface Films Formed on AM60B Mg Alloy in an Aqueous Saline Solution Kish, J. R.; Hu, Y.; Li, J. CORROSION, Vol. 68, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5006/i0010-9312-68-6-468	journal	June 2012
Film Breakdown and Nano-Porous Mg(OH) ₂ Formation from Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys in Salt Solutions Brady, M. P.; Rother, G.; Anovitz, L. M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0171504jes	journal	January 2015
Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys — a critical review Gray, J. E.; Luan, B. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 336, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01899-0	journal	April 2002
Magnesium: Engineering the Surface Chen, X. B.; Yang, H. Y.; Abbott, T. B. JOM, Vol. 64, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-012-0331-3	journal	June 2012
Review of Corrosion-Resistant Conversion Coatings for Magnesium and Its Alloys Chen, X. B.; Birbilis, N.; Abbott, T. B. CORROSION, Vol. 67, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3563639	journal	March 2011
An electrochemical and SEM study of the mechanism of formation, morphology, and composition of titanium or zirconium fluoride-based coatings Verdier, S.; van der Laak, N.; Dalard, F. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 200, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.10.139	journal	February 2006
Corrosion study of new surface treatment/coating for AZ31B magnesium alloy Song, S.; Shen, W. D.; Liu, M. H. Surface Engineering, Vol. 28, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743294411Y.0000000056	journal	August 2012
Characterization of plasma electrolytic oxidation of magnesium alloy AZ31 in alkaline solution containing fluoride Stojadinović, Stevan; Vasilić, Rastko; Radić-Perić, Jelena Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 273 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.03.032	journal	July 2015
The surface reactivity of a magnesium–aluminium alloy in acidic fluoride solutions studied by electrochemical techniques and XPS Verdier, S.; van der Laak, N.; Delalande, S. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 235, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.03.250	journal	August 2004
Deposition and evaluation of duplex hydroxyapatite and plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on magnesium Gao, Yonghao; Yerokhin, Aleksey; Matthews, Allan Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 269 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.01.030	journal	May 2015
Effect of surface pretreatment by acid pickling on the density of stannate conversion coatings formed on AZ91 D magnesium alloy Elsentriecy, Hassan H.; Azumi, Kazuhisa; Konno, Hidetaka Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 202, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.033	journal	December 2007
Improving corrosion resistance of AZ31B magnesium alloy via a conversion coating produced by a protic ammonium-phosphate ionic liquid Elsentriecy, Hassan H.; Qu, Jun; Luo, Huimin Thin Solid Films, Vol. 568 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.08.010	journal	October 2014
Recent progress in corrosion protection of magnesium alloys by organic coatings Hu, Rong-Gang; Zhang, Su; Bu, Jun-Fu Progress in Organic Coatings, Vol. 73, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.10.011	journal	February 2012
Direct electroless nickel–boron plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy Wang, Z. C.; Jia, F.; Yu, L. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 206, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.03.020	journal	April 2012
An investigation of new barium phosphate chemical conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy Chen, Yougui; Luan, Ben Li; Song, Guang-Ling Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 210 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.09.009	journal	October 2012
A dipping E-coating for Mg alloys Song, Guang-Ling Progress in Organic Coatings, Vol. 70, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.09.028	journal	April 2011
An irreversible dipping sealing technique for anodized ZE41 Mg alloy Song, Guang-Ling Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 203, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.05.042	journal	August 2009
“Electroless” E-Coating: An Innovative Surface Treatment for Magnesium Alloys Song, Guang-Ling Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3182828	journal	January 2009
Corrosion mechanism and evaluation of anodized magnesium alloys Song, Guang-Ling; Shi, Zhiming Corrosion Science, Vol. 85 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.04.008	journal	August 2014
The effect of Mg alloy substrate on “electroless” E-coating performance Song, Guang-Ling; Liu, Minghong Corrosion Science, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.06.016	journal	November 2011
Formation Mechanism and Properties of Titanate Conversion Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Yang, Y. C.; Tsai, C. Y.; Huang, Y. H. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.091205jes	journal	January 2012
Formation of Cerium Conversion Coatings on AZ31 Magnesium Alloys Lin, C. S.; Fang, S. K. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1845371	journal	January 2005
Formation of a zirconium-titanium based conversion layer on AA 6060 aluminium Nordlien, J. H.; Walmsley, J. C.; Østerberg, H. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 153, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01663-2	journal	April 2002
Characterization and Performance of a Zr/Ti Pretreatment Conversion Coating on AA2024-T3 Li, Liangliang; Whitman, Brandon W.; Swain, Greg M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0901506jes	journal	January 2015
Trivalent chromium conversion coating formation on aluminium Qi, J. -T.; Hashimoto, T.; Walton, J. R. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 280 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.09.024	journal	October 2015
The Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy ZEK100 Asmussen, R. Matthew; Binns, W. Jeffrey; Jakupi, Pellumb CORROSION, Vol. 71, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5006/1387	journal	February 2015
Physical Characterization of Cathodically-Activated Corrosion Filaments on Magnesium Alloy AZ31B Cano, Z. P.; Danaie, M.; Kish, J. R. CORROSION, Vol. 71, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5006/1384	journal	February 2015
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Aqueous Film Formation and Evolution on Magnesium Alloys Unocic, K. A.; Elsentriecy, H. H.; Brady, Michael P. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.024406jes	journal	January 2014
In situ pH measurement during the formation of conversion coatings on an aluminum alloy (AA2024) Li, Liangliang; Desouza, Annika Laura; Swain, Greg M. The Analyst, Vol. 138, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3an00663h	journal	January 2013
The passive behaviour of Mg in alkaline fluoride solutions. Electrochemical and electron microscopical investigations Gulbrandsen, Egil; Taftø, Johan; Olsen, Arne Corrosion Science, Vol. 34, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(93)90238-C	journal	September 1993

Cited By (4)

Preparation of chemical conversion super-black films on ZK61M magnesium alloy Yan, Zhenwei; Tan, Zhaojun; Yuan, Xianjie Surface Engineering, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2017.1386924	journal	October 2017
A mechanistic investigation of corrosion-driven organic coating failure on magnesium and its alloys Williams, Geraint; Kousis, Christos; McMurray, Neil npj Materials Degradation, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-019-0103-4	journal	December 2019
Review—Conversion Coatings Based on Zirconium and/or Titanium Milošev, I.; Frankel, G. S. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0371803jes	journal	January 2018
Magnesium Alloy Effects on Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Electro-Ceramic and Electro-Coat Formation and Corrosion Resistance Brady, Michael P.; Leonard, Donovan N.; McNally, Elizabeth A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0531914jes	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Tracer Film Growth Study of the Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys AZ31B and ZE10A in 0.01% NaCl Solution

Journal Article · Thu May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society · OSTI ID:1247943

Brady, M. P.; Fayek, M.; Leonard, D. N.; +6 more

Magnesium Alloy Effects on Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Electro-Ceramic and Electro-Coat Formation and Corrosion Resistance

Journal Article · Tue Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society · OSTI ID:1247943

Brady, Michael P.; Leonard, Donovan N.; McNally, Elizabeth A.; +4 more

Temporal Evolution of Corrosion Film Nano-Porosity and Magnesium Alloy Hydrogen Penetration in NaCl Solution

Journal Article · Wed Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online) · OSTI ID:1247943

Brady, Michael P.; Rother, Gernot; Frith, Matthew G.; +7 more

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
magnesium
conversion coating
electrocoating
corrosion
transmission electron microscopy

Title: Advanced characterization study of commercial conversion and electrocoating structures on magnesium alloys AZ31B and ZE10A

Citation Formats

References (41)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects