Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Abstract
The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, (secθ)max, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 3 x 1018 eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Furthermore, the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modelling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from (secθ)max.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. Siegen (Germany). et al.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- Pierre Auger Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1247529
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1246180
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-16-094-AD-AE-CD-TD; arXiv:1604.00978
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 1441175
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359; FR02-04ER41300; FG02-99ER41107; SC0011689
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review D
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 93; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Aab, Alexander. Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072006.
Aab, Alexander. Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072006
Aab, Alexander. 2016.
"Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072006. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1247529.
@article{osti_1247529,
title = {Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory},
author = {Aab, Alexander},
abstractNote = {The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, (secθ)max, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 3 x 1018 eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Furthermore, the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modelling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from (secθ)max.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072006},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1247529},
journal = {Physical Review D},
issn = {2470-0010},
number = 7,
volume = 93,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Thu Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Fluctuation studies of large air showers: the composition of primary cosmic ray particles of energy E p ∼10 18 eV
journal, July 1974
- Watson, A. A.; Wilson, J. G.
- Journal of Physics A: Mathematical, Nuclear and General, Vol. 7, Issue 10
Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 1018 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, March 2010
- Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 685, Issue 4-5
A new physical phenomenon in ultra-high energy collisions
journal, January 2013
- Farrar, Glennys R.; Allen, Jeffrey D.
- EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 53
Calculations on the arrival-time distribution and energy content of extensive air showers at large core distances
journal, January 1968
- Baxter, A. J.
- Journal of Physics A: General Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
The angular resolution of the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, May 2009
- Bonifazi, C.
- Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, Vol. 190
Large Scale Distribution of Ultra high Energy Cosmic rays Detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with Zenith Angles up to 80°
journal, March 2015
- Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 802, Issue 2
Measurement of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers above
journal, March 2010
- Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 9
EPOS LHC: Test of collective hadronization with data measured at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, September 2015
- Pierog, T.; Karpenko, Iu.; Katzy, J. M.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 3
Extremely Energetic Cosmic-Ray Event
journal, May 1961
- Linsley, John; Scarsi, Livio; Rossi, Bruno
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 9
Calibration of the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, December 2006
- Bertou, X.; Allison, P. S.; Bonifazi, C.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 568, Issue 2
Muon Production in Extended Air Shower Simulations
journal, October 2008
- Pierog, T.; Werner, K.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 17
Erratum: Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth [Phys. Rev. D 90 , 012012 (2014)]
journal, July 2015
- Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 1
The electromagnetic component of large air showers
journal, May 1970
- Kellermann, E. W.; Towers, L.
- Journal of Physics A: General Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Arrival Times of Air Shower Particles at Large Distances from the Axis
journal, December 1962
- Linsley, John; Scarsi, Livio
- Physical Review, Vol. 128, Issue 5
sibyll: An event generator for simulation of high energy cosmic ray cascades
journal, November 1994
- Fletcher, R. S.; Gaisser, T. K.; Lipari, Paolo
- Physical Review D, Vol. 50, Issue 9
Monte Carlo treatment of hadronic interactions in enhanced Pomeron scheme: QGSJET-II model
journal, January 2011
- Ostapchenko, S.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 83, Issue 1
Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth
journal, July 2014
- Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 1
Relation between hadronic interactions and ultra-high energy extensive air showers
journal, January 2015
- Ulrich, Ralf; Baus, Colin; Engel, Ralph
- EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 99
The fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, August 2010
- Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 620, Issue 2-3
Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Mean number in highly inclined events
journal, February 2015
- Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 3
The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory
journal, July 2015
- The Pierre Auger Collaboration,
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 798, p. 172-213
Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, January 2010
- Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 613, Issue 1
A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, March 2010
- Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 33, Issue 2
Time asymmetries in extensive air showers: A novel method to identify UHECR species
journal, May 2009
- Dova, M. T.; Manceñido, M. E.; Mariazzi, A. G.
- Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 4
Constraining pion interactions at very high energies by cosmic ray data
journal, March 2016
- Ostapchenko, Sergey; Bleicher, Marcus
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 5
First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression
journal, March 2008
- Abbasi, R. U.; Abu-Zayyad, T.; Allen, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 10
Properties and performance of the prototype instrument for the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, May 2004
- Abraham, J.; Aglietta, M.; Aguirre, I. C.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 523, Issue 1-2
Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above
journal, December 2014
- Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 12
Searches for Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of the Highest Energy Cosmic rays Detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, April 2015
- Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 804, Issue 1
Cosmic Ray Showers
journal, December 1960
- Greisen, K.
- Annual Review of Nuclear Science, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Observation of the Suppression of the Flux of Cosmic Rays above
journal, August 2008
- Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 6
Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. II. Composition implications
journal, December 2014
- Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 12
The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
conference, January 2012
- Caruso, R.
- Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference, Calorimetry in Particle Physics
The Pierre Auger Cosmic ray Observatory
journal, June 1998
- Escobar, Carlos O.
- Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 51, Issue 4-6
The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
text, January 2009
- Collaboration, The Pierre Auger; Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.
- arXiv
A new physical phenomenon in ultra-high energy collisions
text, January 2013
- Farrar, Glennys R.; Allen, Jeffrey D.
- arXiv
Large scale distribution of ultra high energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with zenith angles up to 80$^\circ$
text, January 2014
- Collaboration, The Pierre Auger
- arXiv
Calibration of the Surface Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
text, January 2021
- Bertou, X.; Allison, P. S.; Bonifazi, C.
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and design
journal, August 2019
- Álvarez-Muñiz, Jaime; Alves Batista, Rafael; Balagopal V., Aswathi
- Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol. 63, Issue 1
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and Design
text, January 2018
- Collaboration, Grand; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime; Batista, Rafael Alves
- arXiv