A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification
Abstract
Many research studies have shown that low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines has the ability to yield ultra-low NOx and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. To achieve low temperature combustion, sufficient mixing time between the fuel and air in a globally dilute environment is required, thereby avoiding fuel-rich regions and reducing peak combustion temperatures, which significantly reduces soot and NOx formation, respectively. It has been demonstrated that achieving low temperature combustion with diesel fuel over a wide range of conditions is difficult because of its properties, namely, low volatility and high chemical reactivity. On the contrary, gasoline has a high volatility and low chemical reactivity, meaning it is easier to achieve the amount of premixing time required prior to autoignition to achieve low temperature combustion. In order to achieve low temperature combustion while meeting other constraints, such as low pressure rise rates and maintaining control over the timing of combustion, in-cylinder fuel stratification has been widely investigated for gasoline low temperature combustion engines. The level of fuel stratification is, in reality, a continuum ranging from fully premixed (i.e. homogeneous charge of fuel and air) to heavily stratified, heterogeneous operation, such as diesel combustion. However, to illustrate themore »
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1236590
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- International Journal of Engine Research
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 93; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1468-0874
- Publisher:
- SAGE
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; low temperature combustion; gasoline compression ignition; pollutant emissions reduction; advanced combustion engines; high-efficiency engines
Citation Formats
Dempsey, Adam B., Curran, Scott J., and Wagner, Robert M. A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1177/1468087415621805.
Dempsey, Adam B., Curran, Scott J., & Wagner, Robert M. A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification. United States. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087415621805
Dempsey, Adam B., Curran, Scott J., and Wagner, Robert M. 2016.
"A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification". United States. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087415621805. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1236590.
@article{osti_1236590,
title = {A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification},
author = {Dempsey, Adam B. and Curran, Scott J. and Wagner, Robert M.},
abstractNote = {Many research studies have shown that low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines has the ability to yield ultra-low NOx and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. To achieve low temperature combustion, sufficient mixing time between the fuel and air in a globally dilute environment is required, thereby avoiding fuel-rich regions and reducing peak combustion temperatures, which significantly reduces soot and NOx formation, respectively. It has been demonstrated that achieving low temperature combustion with diesel fuel over a wide range of conditions is difficult because of its properties, namely, low volatility and high chemical reactivity. On the contrary, gasoline has a high volatility and low chemical reactivity, meaning it is easier to achieve the amount of premixing time required prior to autoignition to achieve low temperature combustion. In order to achieve low temperature combustion while meeting other constraints, such as low pressure rise rates and maintaining control over the timing of combustion, in-cylinder fuel stratification has been widely investigated for gasoline low temperature combustion engines. The level of fuel stratification is, in reality, a continuum ranging from fully premixed (i.e. homogeneous charge of fuel and air) to heavily stratified, heterogeneous operation, such as diesel combustion. However, to illustrate the impact of fuel stratification on gasoline compression ignition, the authors have identified three representative operating strategies: partial, moderate, and heavy fuel stratification. Thus, this article provides an overview and perspective of the current research efforts to develop engine operating strategies for achieving gasoline low temperature combustion in a compression ignition engine via fuel stratification. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics modeling of the in-cylinder processes during the closed valve portion of the cycle was used to illustrate the opportunities and challenges associated with the various fuel stratification levels.},
doi = {10.1177/1468087415621805},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236590},
journal = {International Journal of Engine Research},
issn = {1468-0874},
number = 4,
volume = 93,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Thu Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
The role of charge stratification for reducing ringing in gasoline engine homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion investigated by optical imaging
journal, March 2013
- Dahl, Daniel; Andersson, Mats; Denbratt, Ingemar
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Development of a Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine
journal, April 2014
- Sellnau, Mark; Foster, Matthew; Hoyer, Kevin
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Modeling Diesel Spray Flame Liftoff, Sooting Tendency, and NOx Emissions Using Detailed Chemistry With Phenomenological Soot Model
journal, December 2005
- Kong, Song-Charng; Sun, Yong; Rietz, Rolf D.
- Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 129, Issue 1
Correlation of cylinder pressure–based engine noise metrics to measured microphone data
journal, October 2014
- Shahlari, Arsham J.; Kurtz, Eric; Hocking, Chris
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 16, Issue 7
Compression Ratio and Derived Cetane Number Effects on Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Running with Naphtha Fuels
journal, April 2014
- Viollet, Yoann; Chang, Junseok; Kalghatgi, Gautam
- SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Combustion Stratification with Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC, using NVO and Split Injection in a LD - Diesel Engine
journal, May 2014
- Tanov, Slavey; Collin, Robert; Johansson, Bengt
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 7, Issue 4
GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions
journal, January 2015
- Sellnau, Mark; Moore, Wayne; Sinnamon, James
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 8, Issue 2
A reduced chemical kinetic model for IC engine combustion simulations with primary reference fuels
journal, December 2008
- Ra, Youngchul; Reitz, Rolf D.
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 155, Issue 4
Some Effects of Fuel Autoignition Quality and Volatility in Premixed Compression Ignition Engines
journal, April 2010
- Hildingsson, Leif; Johansson, Bengt; Kalghatgi, Gautam T.
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Boosting Simulation of High Efficiency Alternative Combustion Mode Engines
journal, April 2011
- Chadwell, Christopher; Alger, Terrence; Roberts, Charles
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Computational Optimization of a Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Conventional Gasoline
journal, April 2011
- Dempsey, Adam B.; Reitz, Rolf D.
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Conceptual models for partially premixed low-temperature diesel combustion
journal, April 2013
- Musculus, Mark P. B.; Miles, Paul C.; Pickett, Lyle M.
- Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 39, Issue 2-3
Advanced compression-ignition engines—understanding the in-cylinder processes
journal, January 2009
- Dec, John E.
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 32, Issue 2
Spray and combustion characteristics of gasoline and diesel in a direct injection compression ignition engine
journal, July 2013
- Kim, Kihyun; Kim, Donghoon; Jung, Yongjin
- Fuel, Vol. 109
Autoignition quality of gasoline fuels in partially premixed combustion in diesel engines
journal, January 2011
- Kalghatgi, G. T.; Hildingsson, L.; Harrison, A. J.
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 33, Issue 2
An experimental study of injection and spray characteristics of diesel and gasoline blends on a common rail injection system
journal, October 2014
- Han, Dong; Wang, Chunhai; Duan, Yaozong
- Energy, Vol. 75
Comparison of Quantitative In-Cylinder Equivalence Ratio Measurements with CFD Predictions for a Light Duty Low Temperature Combustion Diesel Engine
journal, January 2012
- Dempsey, Adam B.; Wang, Bao-Lin; Reitz, Rolf D.
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Limitation of Charge Stratification for High Load Extension of HCCI Combustion in a GDI Engine with NVO
conference, April 2009
- Dongbo, Yang; Fan, Xu; Zhi, Wang
- SAE World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Full-Time Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) for High Efficiency and Low NOx and PM
journal, January 2012
- Sellnau, Mark C.; Sinnamon, James; Hoyer, Kevin
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Investigation of the Sources of Combustion Noise in HCCI Engines
journal, April 2014
- Dernotte, Jeremie; Dec, John E.; Ji, Chunsheng
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Allocation of energy use in petroleum refineries to petroleum products: Implications for Life-Cyde energy use and emission inventory of petroleum transportation fuels
journal, January 2004
- Wang, Michael; Lee, Hanjie; Molburg, John
- The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Gasoline partially premixed combustion, the future of internal combustion engines?
journal, June 2011
- Manente, V.; Johansson, B.; Cannella, W.
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 12, Issue 3
Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI): a pathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combustion
journal, June 2011
- Kokjohn, S. L.; Hanson, R. M.; Splitter, D. A.
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 12, Issue 3
Boosted HCCI Combustion Using Low-Octane Gasoline with Fully Premixed and Partially Stratified Charges
journal, January 2012
- Yang, Yi; Dec, John E.; Dronniou, Nicolas
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Gasoline effects on spray characteristics, mixing and auto-ignition processes in a CI engine under Partially Premixed Combustion conditions
journal, September 2014
- López, J. Javier; García-Oliver, J. M.; García, A.
- Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Early Direct-Injection, Low-Temperature Combustion of Diesel Fuel in an Optical Engine Utilizing a 15-Hole, Dual-Row, Narrow-Included-Angle Nozzle
journal, October 2008
- Martin, Glen C.; Mueller, Charles J.; Milam, David M.
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Effect of Premixed Fuel Preparation for Partially Premixed Combustion With a Low Octane Gasoline on a Light-Duty Multicylinder Compression Ignition Engine
journal, November 2015
- Dempsey, Adam B.; Curran, Scott; Wagner, Robert
- Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 137, Issue 11
Effects of Different Type of Gasoline Fuels on Heavy Duty Partially Premixed Combustion
journal, October 2009
- Manente, Vittorio; Johansson, Bengt; Tunestal, Per
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Regulated and unregulated emissions from a compression ignition engine under low temperature combustion fuelled with gasoline and n-butanol/gasoline blends
journal, March 2014
- Yang, Binbin; Yao, Mingfa; Cheng, Wai K.
- Fuel, Vol. 120
Load expansion of naphtha multiple premixed compression ignition (MPCI) and comparison with partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) and conventional diesel combustion (CDC)
journal, November 2014
- Kim, Kihyun; Wang, Zhi; Wang, Buyu
- Fuel, Vol. 136
KIVA-II: A computer program for chemically reactive flows with sprays
report, May 1989
- Amsden, A. A.; O'Rourke, P. J.; Butler, T. D.
- LA-11560-MS
Boosted HCCI - Controlling Pressure-Rise Rates for Performance Improvements using Partial Fuel Stratification with Conventional Gasoline
journal, April 2011
- Dec, John E.; Yang, Yi; Dronniou, Nicolas
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Comparison of Low Temperature Combustion Strategies for Advanced Compression Ignition Engines with a Focus on Controllability
journal, January 2014
- Dempsey, Adam B.; Walker, N. Ryan; Gingrich, Eric
- Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 186, Issue 2
Gasoline partially premixed combustion: high efficiency, low NOx and low soot by using an advanced combustion strategy and a compression ignition engine
journal, January 2012
- Manente, Vittorio; Johansson, Bengt; Tunestal, Per
- International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 59, Issue 2/3
Comparison of Compression Ignition Engine Noise Metrics in Low-Temperature Combustion Regimes
journal, April 2013
- Shahlari, Arsham J.; Hocking, Chris; Kurtz, Eric
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) - Diesel-like Efficiency with Low CO2 Emissions
journal, April 2011
- Sellnau, Mark; Sinnamon, James; Hoyer, Kevin
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Tailoring HCCI heat-release rates with partial fuel stratification: Comparison of two-stage and single-stage-ignition fuels
journal, January 2011
- Yang, Yi; Dec, John E.; Dronniou, Nicolas
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 33, Issue 2
Fuel suitability for low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines
journal, July 2013
- Han, Xiaoye; Zheng, Ming; Wang, Jianxin
- Fuel, Vol. 109
Mechanism of smokeless diesel combustion with oxygenated fuels based on the dependence of the equivalence ration and temperature on soot particle formation
journal, August 2002
- Kitamura, T.; Ito, T.; Senda, J.
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 3, Issue 4
Gasoline DICI Engine Operation in the LTC Regime Using Triple- Pulse Injection
journal, January 2012
- Ra, Youngchul; Loeper, Paul; Andrie, Michael
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 5, Issue 3
An Experimental Investigation of Low-Octane Gasoline in Diesel Engines
journal, April 2011
- Ciatti, Stephen; Subramanian, Swami Nathan
- Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 133, Issue 9
Effects of gasoline research octane number on premixed low-temperature combustion of wide distillation fuel by gasoline/diesel blend
journal, October 2014
- Liu, Haoye; Wang, Zhi; Wang, Jianxin
- Fuel, Vol. 134
Effect of injector configurations on combustion and emissions in a gasoline direct-injection compression ignition engine under low-load conditions
journal, February 2015
- Kim, Kihyun; Jung, Yongjin; Kim, Donghoon
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 17, Issue 3
A fully coupled computational fluid dynamics and multi-zone model with detailed chemical kinetics for the simulation of premixed charge compression ignition engines
journal, October 2005
- Babajimopoulos, A.; Assanis, D. N.; Flowers, D. L.
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 6, Issue 5
Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Operating with In-Cylinder Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Blending
journal, August 2010
- Prikhodko, Vitaly Y.; Curran, Scott J.; Barone, Teresa L.
- SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Sufficiently premixed compression ignition of a gasoline-like fuel using three different nozzles in a diesel engine
journal, October 2011
- Won, H-W; Peters, N.; Tait, N.
- Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 226, Issue 5
Works referencing / citing this record:
Uncertainty quantification from raw measurements to post-processed data: A general methodology and its application to a homogeneous-charge compression–ignition engine
journal, December 2019
- Pochet, Maxime; Jeanmart, Hervé; Contino, Francesco
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 21, Issue 9
Understanding partial fuel stratification for low temperature gasoline combustion using large eddy simulations
journal, June 2020
- Priyadarshini, Priya; Sofianopoulos, Aimilios; Mamalis, Sotirios
- International Journal of Engine Research
Evolution and current understanding of physicochemical characterization of particulate matter from reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion on a multicylinder light-duty engine
journal, August 2016
- Storey, John ME; Curran, Scott J.; Lewis, Samuel A.
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 18, Issue 5-6