Fe-porphyrin-based metal–organic framework films as high-surface concentration, heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2

Hod, Idan; Sampson, Matthew D.; Deria, Pravas; Kubiak, Clifford P.; Farha, Omar K.; Hupp, Joseph T.

doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b01767

Title: Fe-porphyrin-based metal–organic framework films as high-surface concentration, heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO₂

Journal Article · Fri Sep 18 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · ACS Catalysis

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b01767· OSTI ID:1224208

Hod, Idan ^[1]; Sampson, Matthew D. ^[2]; Deria, Pravas ^[1]; Kubiak, Clifford P. ^[2]; Farha, Omar K. ^[3]; Hupp, Joseph T. ^[4]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Univ. of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); King Abdulaziz Univ., Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab., Argonne, IL (United States)

Realization of heterogeneous electrochemical CO₂-to-fuel conversion via molecular catalysis under high-flux conditions requires the assembly of large quantities of reactant-accessible catalysts on conductive surfaces. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that electrophoretic deposition of thin films of an appropriately chosen metal–organic framework (MOF) material is an effective method for immobilizing the needed quantity of catalyst. For electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction, we used a material that contains functionalized Fe-porphyrins as catalytically competent, redox-conductive linkers. The approach yields a high effective surface coverage of electrochemically addressable catalytic sites (~10¹⁵ sites/cm²). The chemical products of the reduction, obtained with ~100% Faradaic efficiency, are mixtures of CO and H₂. The results validate the strategy of using MOF chemistry to obtain porous, electrode-immobilized, networks of molecular catalysts having competency for energy-relevant electrochemical reactions.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; SC0001059; FA9550-10-1-0572

OSTI ID:: 1224208

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1224209

Journal Information:: ACS Catalysis, Journal Name: ACS Catalysis; ISSN 2155-5435

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 535 works

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Carbon capture and conversion using metal–organic frameworks and MOF-based materials Ding, Meili; Flaig, Robinson W.; Jiang, Hai-Long Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00829a	journal	January 2019
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Rational Design of a 3D Mn ^II -Metal-Organic Framework Based on a Nonmetallated Porphyrin Linker for Selective Capture of CO ₂ and One-Pot Synthesis of Styrene Carbonates Sharma, Nayuesh; Dhankhar, Sandeep Singh; Kumar, Sandeep Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 62 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201803842	journal	October 2018
Emerging crystalline porous materials as a multifunctional platform for electrochemical energy storage Zhou, Junwen; Wang, Bo Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00283a	journal	January 2017
Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Cobalt‐Porphyrins for High‐Performance CO ₂ Electroreduction Zhang, Xiang‐Da; Hou, Shu‐Zhen; Wu, Jian‐Xiang Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 26, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904072	journal	January 2020
Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks Segura, José L.; Royuela, Sergio; Mar Ramos, M. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00978c	journal	January 2019
A metal–organic framework converted catalyst that boosts photo-electrochemical water splitting Cardenas-Morcoso, Drialys; Ifraemov, Raya; García-Tecedor, Miguel Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01559k	journal	January 2019
Insights into inorganic buffer layer-assisted in situ fabrication of MOF films with controlled microstructures Liu, Yi; Matsuda, Ryotaro; Kusaka, Shinpei CrystEngComm, Vol. 20, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ce01681j	journal	January 2018
The role of reticular chemistry in the design of CO2 reduction catalysts Diercks, Christian S.; Liu, Yuzhong; Cordova, Kyle E. Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0033-5	journal	February 2018
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Dual-Function Electrocatalytic and Macroporous Hollow-Fiber Cathode for Converting Waste Streams to Valuable Resources Using Microbial Electrochemical Systems Katuri, Krishna P.; Kalathil, Shafeer; Ragab, Ala'a Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707072	journal	April 2018
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A Noble-Metal-Free Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Catalyst for the Highly Efficient Conversion of CO ₂ with Propargylic Alcohols Hou, Sheng-Li; Dong, Jie; Jiang, Xiao-Lei Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201811506	journal	December 2018
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Isolated Square‐Planar Copper Center in Boron Imidazolate Nanocages for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to CO Zhang, Hai‐Xia; Hong, Qin‐Long; Li, Jing Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201905869	journal	July 2019
Heterogeneous molecular catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction Corbin, Nathan; Zeng, Joy; Williams, Kindle Nano Research, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2403-y	journal	May 2019
Modulating the rate of charge transport in a metal–organic framework thin film using host:guest chemistry Hod, Idan; Farha, Omar K.; Hupp, Joseph T. Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09695b	journal	January 2016
Efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen gas evolution by a cobalt–porphyrin-based crystalline polymer Wu, Yanyu; Veleta, José M.; Tang, Diya Dalton Transactions, Vol. 47, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt00302e	journal	January 2018
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Electrocatalytic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Energy Applications Downes, Courtney A.; Marinescu, Smaranda C. ChemSusChem, Vol. 10, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201701420	journal	November 2017
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Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Electrocatalysis: Insight and Future Perspectives Li, Xinlin; Maindan, Karan; Deria, Pravas Comments on Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/02603594.2018.1545225	journal	September 2018
Cathodized copper porphyrin metal–organic framework nanosheets for selective formate and acetate production from CO ₂ electroreduction Wu, Jian-Xiang; Hou, Shu-Zhen; Zhang, Xiang-Da Chemical Science, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04344b	journal	January 2019
Formation of CX Bonds in CO ₂ Chemical Fixation Catalyzed by Metal−Organic Frameworks Hou, Sheng‐Li; Dong, Jie; Zhao, Bin Advanced Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806163	journal	June 2019
Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide: opportunities with heterogeneous molecular catalysts Sun, Libo; Reddu, Vikas; Fisher, Adrian C. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee03660a	journal	January 2020
Copper-Based Metal-Organic Porous Materials for CO ₂ Electrocatalytic Reduction to Alcohols Albo, Jonathan; Vallejo, Daniel; Beobide, Garikoitz ChemSusChem, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600693	journal	August 2016
Role of Organic Components in Electrocatalysis for Renewable Energy Storage Liu, Gejun; Bai, Haipeng; Zhang, Bo Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 69 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201803322	journal	June 2018
Design of doped cesium lead halide perovskite as a photo-catalytic CO ₂ reduction catalyst Tang, Chao; Chen, Chongyang; Xu, Weiwei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00550a	journal	January 2019
Metal–organic conjugated microporous polymer containing a carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalyst Smith, Charlotte L.; Clowes, Rob; Sprick, Reiner Sebastian Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9se00450e	journal	January 2019
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Nanocrystal/Metal–Organic Framework Hybrids as Electrocatalytic Platforms for CO ₂ Conversion Guntern, Yannick T.; Pankhurst, James R.; Vávra, Jan Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201905172	journal	September 2019
Greening the Processes of Metal-Organic Framework Synthesis and their Use in Sustainable Catalysis Chen, Junying; Shen, Kui; Li, Yingwei ChemSusChem, Vol. 10, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201700748	journal	July 2017
Electrochemical Reduction of CO ₂ over Heterogeneous Catalysts in Aqueous Solution: Recent Progress and Perspectives Long, Chang; Li, Xiang; Guo, Jun Small Methods https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800369	journal	December 2018
Electrocatalytic and Solar-Driven CO ₂ Reduction to CO with a Molecular Manganese Catalyst Immobilized on Mesoporous TiO ₂ Rosser, Timothy E.; Windle, Christopher D.; Reisner, Erwin Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201601038	journal	April 2016
Electroactive Metalorganic Frameworks Medina, Dana D.; Mähringer, Andre; Bein, Thomas Israel Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 58, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201800110	journal	October 2018
2D molecular crystal lattices: advances in their synthesis, characterization, and application Solomos, Marina A.; Claire, F. James; Kempa, Thomas J. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06534b	journal	January 2019
Facile Synthesis of M-MOF-74 (M=Co, Ni, Zn) and its Application as an ElectroCatalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion and H2 Production Choi, Insoo; Jung, Yoo Eil; Yoo, Sung Jong Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2017.8.1.61	journal	March 2017
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The role of redox hopping in metal–organic framework electrocatalysis Lin, Shaoyang; Usov, Pavel M.; Morris, Amanda J. Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc01664j	journal	January 2018
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Molecular Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts, Solid Metal Organic Framework Catalysts, and Solid Metal/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon (MNC) Catalysts for the Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction Varela, Ana Sofia; Ju, Wen; Strasser, Peter Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802905	journal	October 2018
Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction by a Single-Atom Implanted Metal-Organic Framework Zhang, Huabin; Wei, Jing; Dong, Juncai Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201608597	journal	October 2016
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Isolated Square‐Planar Copper Center in Boron Imidazolate Nanocages for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO ₂ to CO Zhang, Hai‐Xia; Hong, Qin‐Long; Li, Jing Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201905869	journal	July 2019
MOFs for Electrocatalysis: From Serendipity to Design Strategies Aiyappa, Harshitha Barike; Masa, Justus; Andronescu, Corina Small Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800415	journal	December 2018
Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO ₂ Chemical Transformations He, Hongming; Perman, Jason A.; Zhu, Guangshan Small, Vol. 12, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201602711	journal	October 2016
Trace water accelerating the CO ₂ cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by an indium–organic framework Hou, Sheng-Li; Dong, Jie; Jiao, Zhuo-Hao Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qi00260f	journal	January 2018
Tuning the iron redox state inside a microporous porphyrinic metal organic framework Abeykoon, Brian; Grenèche, Jean-Marc; Jeanneau, Erwann Dalton Transactions, Vol. 46, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04208b	journal	January 2017
New homodinuclear tris(3-alkylpyrazolyl)borate complexes of Co ^II and Ni ^II with a tetraacetylethane dianion as a bridging ligand Mikhalyova, Elena A.; Trofimenko, Swiatoslaw; Zeller, Matthias Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry, Vol. 72, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1107/s205322961601398x	journal	October 2016
Pristine Metal-Organic Frameworks and their Composites for Energy Storage and Conversion Liang, Zibin; Qu, Chong; Guo, Wenhan Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201702891	journal	November 2017
Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Layers for Electrochemical Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles Yang, Ling; Ma, Fa‐Xue; Xu, Fan Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201900391	journal	May 2019
An acetylenedicarboxylato-bridged Mn( ii )-based 1D coordination polymer: electrochemical CO ₂ reduction and magnetic properties Dutta, Basudeb; Maity, Suvendu; Ghosh, Soumen New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj06387g	journal	January 2019
Covalently anchoring cobalt phthalocyanine on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction Yang, Zhongjie; Zhang, Xiaofei; Long, Chang CrystEngComm, Vol. 22, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01517e	journal	January 2020
Pristine Transition‐Metal‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis Sun, Fancheng; Li, Qing; Xue, Huaiguo ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201801520	journal	January 2019
A stable and porous iridium( iii )-porphyrin metal–organic framework: synthesis, structure and catalysis Cui, Hao; Wang, Yingxia; Wang, Yanhu CrystEngComm, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ce00358c	journal	January 2016
Room-Temperature Electrochemical Conversion of Metal-Organic Frameworks into Porous Amorphous Metal Sulfides with Tailored Composition and Hydrogen Evolution Activity He, Wenhui; Ifraemov, Raya; Raslin, Arik Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201707244	journal	February 2018
Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction by a Single-Atom Implanted Metal-Organic Framework Zhang, Huabin; Wei, Jing; Dong, Juncai Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 128, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201608597	journal	October 2016
Metal–organic frameworks with Lewis acidity: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic applications Hu, Zhigang; Zhao, Dan CrystEngComm, Vol. 19, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ce02660e	journal	January 2017
Synthesis of micro/nanoscaled metal–organic frameworks and their direct electrochemical applications Xiao, Xiao; Zou, Lianli; Pang, Huan Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00614d	journal	January 2020
Metal-Organic Frameworks as Platforms for Catalytic Applications Jiao, Long; Wang, Yang; Jiang, Hai-Long Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703663	journal	November 2017
Emerging Carbon‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide into Value‐Added Chemicals Wu, Jingjie; Sharifi, Tiva; Gao, Ying Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804257	journal	December 2018
Molecular Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts, Solid Metal Organic Framework Catalysts, and Solid Metal/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon (MNC) Catalysts for the Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction Varela, Ana Sofia; Ju, Wen; Strasser, Peter Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703614	journal	July 2018
Electrocatalytic and Solar-Driven CO ₂ Reduction to CO with a Molecular Manganese Catalyst Immobilized on Mesoporous TiO ₂ Rosser, Timothy E.; Windle, Christopher D.; Reisner, Erwin Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 128, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201601038	journal	April 2016
Atomar dispergierte Metallzentren in Metall-organischen Gerüststrukturen für die elektrokatalytische und photokatalytische Energieumwandlung Liang, Zibin; Qu, Chong; Xia, Dingguo Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201800269	journal	June 2018
Nanocrystal/Metal–Organic Framework Hybrids as Electrocatalytic Platforms for CO ₂ Conversion Guntern, Yannick T.; Pankhurst, James R.; Vávra, Jan Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201905172	journal	July 2019
Highly Efficient Porous Carbon Electrocatalyst with Controllable N‐Species Content for Selective CO ₂ Reduction Ye, Lin; Ying, Yiran; Sun, Dengrong Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201912751	journal	January 2020
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A Coordination Network with Ligand-Centered Redox Activity Based on facial -[Cr ^III (2-mercaptophenolato) ₃ ] ³⁻ Metalloligands Wakizaka, Masanori; Matsumoto, Takeshi; Kobayashi, Atsushi Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 23, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201701613	journal	June 2017
A Dynamically Stabilized Single‐Nickel Electrocatalyst for Selective Reduction of Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide Wang, Tingting; Zeng, Zhongming; Cao, Lingyun Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 64 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201804312	journal	July 2018
Electrocatalytic water oxidation by a molecular catalyst incorporated into a metal–organic framework thin film Johnson, Ben A.; Bhunia, Asamanjoy; Ott, Sascha Dalton Transactions, Vol. 46, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03718f	journal	January 2017
Supercapacitive hybrid materials from the thermolysis of porous coordination nanorods based on a catechol porphyrin Jin, Shangbin; Hill, Jonathan P.; Ji, Qingmin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00516k	journal	January 2016
Frontiers of water oxidation: the quest for true catalysts Li, J.; Güttinger, R.; Moré, R. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00306d	journal	January 2017
Surface-supported metal–organic framework thin films: fabrication methods, applications, and challenges Liu, Jinxuan; Wöll, Christof Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00315c	journal	January 2017
Platinum/nitrogen-doped carbon/carbon cloth: a bifunctional catalyst for the electrochemical reduction and carboxylation of CO ₂ with excellent efficiency Yang, Heng-Pan; Lin, Qing; Zhang, Han-Wen Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc00969d	journal	January 2018
Design of iron atom modified thiophene-linked metalloporphyrin 2D conjugated microporous polymer as CO ₂ reduction photocatalyst Chen, Chongyang; Tang, Chao; Xu, Weiwei Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00974k	journal	January 2018
A 2,2′-bipyridine-containing covalent organic framework bearing rhenium( i ) tricarbonyl moieties for CO ₂ reduction Popov, Damir A.; Luna, John M.; Orchanian, Nicholas M. Dalton Transactions, Vol. 47, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt00125a	journal	January 2018
A porous, electrically conductive hexa-zirconium( iv ) metal–organic framework Goswami, Subhadip; Ray, Debmalya; Otake, Ken-ichi Chemical Science, Vol. 9, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8sc00961a	journal	January 2018
A metal–organic framework film with a switchable anodic and cathodic behaviour in a photo-electrochemical cell Ifraemov, Raya; Shimoni, Ran; He, Wenhui Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10483b	journal	January 2019
J-Aggregates of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin: a new pathway to excellent electrochemiluminescence emitters Yang, Zhaofan; Pu, Guiqiang; Ning, Xingming Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01278h	journal	January 2019
Improving MOF stability: approaches and applications Ding, Meili; Cai, Xuechao; Jiang, Hai-Long Chemical Science, Vol. 10, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9sc03916c	journal	January 2019
Steering CO ₂ electroreduction toward ethanol production by a surface-bound Ru polypyridyl carbene catalyst on N-doped porous carbon Liu, Yanming; Fan, Xinfei; Nayak, Animesh Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907740116	journal	December 2019
Facile Synthesis of M-MOF-74 (M=Co, Ni, Zn) and its Application as an ElectroCatalyst for Electrochemical CO ₂ Conversion and H ₂ Production Choi, Insoo; Jung, Yoo Eil; Yoo, Sung Jong Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5229/jecst.2017.8.1.61	journal	March 2017
A Noble-Metal-Free Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Catalyst for the Highly Efficient Conversion of CO ₂ with Propargylic Alcohols Hou, Sheng-Li; Dong, Jie; Jiang, Xiao-Lei Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201811506	journal	December 2018
Stable Metal-Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Applications Yuan, Shuai; Feng, Liang; Wang, Kecheng Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704303	journal	February 2018
Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites in MOF-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Energy Conversion Liang, Zibin; Qu, Chong; Xia, Dingguo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201800269	journal	June 2018
Electrochemical Water Oxidation by a Catalyst-Modified Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film Lin, Shaoyang; Pineda-Galvan, Yuliana; Maza, William A. ChemSusChem, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201700107	journal	February 2017
Electro- and Solar-Driven Fuel Synthesis with First Row Transition Metal Complexes Dalle, Kristian E.; Warnan, Julien; Leung, Jane J. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 119, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00392	journal	October 2018
Supramolecular Porphyrin Cages Assembled at Molecular–Materials Interfaces for Electrocatalytic CO Reduction Gong, Ming; Cao, Zhi; Liu, Wei ACS Central Science, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00316	journal	September 2017
Theoretical Investigations of the Electrochemical Reduction of CO on Single Metal Atoms Embedded in Graphene Kirk, Charlotte; Chen, Leanne D.; Siahrostami, Samira ACS Central Science, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00442	journal	November 2017
Simple Preparation of Hierarchically Porous Ce/TiO₂/Graphitic Carbon Microspheres for the Reduction of CO₂ with H₂O under Simulated Solar Irradiation Zhang, Chengli; Zhang, Weiping; Qian, Jing ACS Omega, Vol. 4, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01587	journal	October 2019
Ruthenium-Based Macromolecules as Potential Catalysts in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phases for the Utilization of Carbon Dioxide Anjali, Kaiprathu; Christopher, Jayaraj; Sakthivel, Ayyamperumal ACS Omega, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01741	journal	August 2019
Synergistic electroreduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide on bimetallic layered conjugated metal-organic frameworks Zhong, Haixia; Ghorbani-Asl, Mahdi; Ly, Khoa Hoang Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15141-y	journal	March 2020

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CO2 reduction
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solar fuel
redox conductivity

Title: Fe-porphyrin-based metal–organic framework films as high-surface concentration, heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2

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Title: Fe-porphyrin-based metal–organic framework films as high-surface concentration, heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO₂