Experiments and modeling of variably permeable carbonate reservoir samples in contact with CO₂-acidified brines

Journal Article · Wed Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Energy Procedia (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.337· OSTI ID:1201549

Smith, Megan M. ^[1]; Hao, Yue ^[1]; Mason, Harris E. ^[1]; Carroll, Susan A. ^[1]

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1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Reactive experiments were performed to expose sample cores from the Arbuckle carbonate reservoir to CO₂-acidified brine under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. The samples consisted of dolomite with varying quantities of calcite and silica/chert. The timescales of monitored pressure decline across each sample in response to CO₂ exposure, as well as the amount of and nature of dissolution features, varied widely among these three experiments. For all samples cores, the experimentally measured initial permeability was at least one order of magnitude or more lower than the values estimated from downhole methods. Nondestructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging revealed dissolution features including “wormholes,” removal of fracture-filling crystals, and widening of pre-existing pore spaces. In the injection zone sample, multiple fractures may have contributed to the high initial permeability of this core and restricted the distribution of CO₂-induced mineral dissolution. In contrast, the pre-existing porosity of the baffle zone sample was much lower and less connected, leading to a lower initial permeability and contributing to the development of a single dissolution channel. While calcite may make up only a small percentage of the overall sample composition, its location and the effects of its dissolution have an outsized effect on permeability responses to CO₂ exposure. The XRCT data presented here are informative for building the model domain for numerical simulations of these experiments but require calibration by higher resolution means to confidently evaluate different porosity-permeability relationships.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• OSTI ID: 1201549
• Journal Information: Energy Procedia (Online), Vol. 63, Issue C; ISSN 1876-6102
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
carbon storage
carbonate reservoirs
carbonate permeability
Arbuckle