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Title: The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes

Abstract

Comparisons between the fecal microbiota of humans from industrialized and non-industrialized communities indicate a pronounced impact of westernization on the diversity and composition of the human gut microbiota. However, the exact consequences of westernization on community characteristics are still insufficiently understood, and the ecological processes that drive differences have not been elucidated. Here we have compared the fecal microbiota of adults from two non-industrialized regions in Papua New Guinea (PNG) with that of United States (US) residents. Papua New Guineans harbor communities with greater bacterial diversity but lower inter-individual variation. Although the fecal microbiota in PNG and US was largely dominated by shared bacterial lineages, the relative abundance of 25 families, 45 genera, and 230 species-level OTUs differed, and 47 core OTUs in PNG were undetectable in US residents. To gain insight into the ecological mechanisms that cause the observed differences, we quantified community assembly processes in PNG and US microbiomes using a null modeling approach. This analysis demonstrated a significant higher rate of bacterial dispersal in PNG and divergent selective environments in the US. Interestingly, equivalent findings were obtained for other datasets comparing industrialized and non-industrialized microbiomes. Overall, the findings demonstrate a dominant role for microbial dispersal in shapingmore » the human gut microbiota in non-industrialized societies, and point to differential selection pressures across individuals as a major factor shaping microbiomes associated with modern lifestyle.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7]
  1. Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada); Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Food Science and Technology
  2. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Biological Sciences Div.
  3. Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Food Science and Technology
  4. Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA (United States)
  5. Papua New Guinea Inst. of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea)
  6. Papua New Guinea Inst. of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea); Federation Univ. Australia, Churchill, VIC (Australia). School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences
  7. Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada). Depts. of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, and Biological Sciences; Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Food Science and Technology
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1182902
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Cell Reports
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2211-1247
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; fecal microbiota; papua new guinea

Citation Formats

Martínez, Inés, Stegen, James C., Maldonado-Gómez, Maria X., Eren, A. Murat, Siba, Peter M., Greenhill, Andrew R., and Walter, Jens. The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049.
Martínez, Inés, Stegen, James C., Maldonado-Gómez, Maria X., Eren, A. Murat, Siba, Peter M., Greenhill, Andrew R., & Walter, Jens. The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049
Martínez, Inés, Stegen, James C., Maldonado-Gómez, Maria X., Eren, A. Murat, Siba, Peter M., Greenhill, Andrew R., and Walter, Jens. 2015. "The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1182902.
@article{osti_1182902,
title = {The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes},
author = {Martínez, Inés and Stegen, James C. and Maldonado-Gómez, Maria X. and Eren, A. Murat and Siba, Peter M. and Greenhill, Andrew R. and Walter, Jens},
abstractNote = {Comparisons between the fecal microbiota of humans from industrialized and non-industrialized communities indicate a pronounced impact of westernization on the diversity and composition of the human gut microbiota. However, the exact consequences of westernization on community characteristics are still insufficiently understood, and the ecological processes that drive differences have not been elucidated. Here we have compared the fecal microbiota of adults from two non-industrialized regions in Papua New Guinea (PNG) with that of United States (US) residents. Papua New Guineans harbor communities with greater bacterial diversity but lower inter-individual variation. Although the fecal microbiota in PNG and US was largely dominated by shared bacterial lineages, the relative abundance of 25 families, 45 genera, and 230 species-level OTUs differed, and 47 core OTUs in PNG were undetectable in US residents. To gain insight into the ecological mechanisms that cause the observed differences, we quantified community assembly processes in PNG and US microbiomes using a null modeling approach. This analysis demonstrated a significant higher rate of bacterial dispersal in PNG and divergent selective environments in the US. Interestingly, equivalent findings were obtained for other datasets comparing industrialized and non-industrialized microbiomes. Overall, the findings demonstrate a dominant role for microbial dispersal in shaping the human gut microbiota in non-industrialized societies, and point to differential selection pressures across individuals as a major factor shaping microbiomes associated with modern lifestyle.},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1182902}, journal = {Cell Reports},
issn = {2211-1247},
number = 4,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Wed Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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