Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data
Abstract
There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, G(E)(p), extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can significantly affect the extraction of G(E)(p). from the unpolarized electron-proton cross sections. We determined the TPE contribution by measuring the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections using a simultaneous, tertiary electron-positron beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target and detecting the scattered particles in the Jefferson Lab CLAS detector. This novel technique allowed us to cover a wide range in virtual photon polarization (epsilon) and momentum transfer (Q(2)) simultaneously, as well as to cancel luminosity-related systematic errors. The cross section ratio increases with decreasing epsilon at Q(2) = 1.45 GeV2. This measurement is consistent with the size of the form factor discrepancy at Q(2) approximate to 1.75 GeV2 and with hadronic calculations including nucleon and Delta intermediate states, which have been shown to resolve the discrepancy up to 2-3 GeV2.
- Authors:
- more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Contributing Org.:
- CLAS Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1169688
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1180924; OSTI ID: 1251618
- Report Number(s):
- JLAB-PHY-14-1960; DOE/OR/23177-3300; arXiv:1411.6908
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; ArticleNumber: 062003
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-06OR23177; FG02-96ER40960; AC02-06CH11357; AC05-060R23177
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 114; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Adikaram, D., Rimal, D., Weinstein, L. B., Raue, B., Khetarpal, P., Bennett, R., Arrington, J., Brooks, W., Adhikari, K., Afanasev, A., Amaryan, M., Anderson, M., Anefalos Pereira, S., Avakian, H., Ball, J., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A., Bono, J., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W., Burkert, V., Carman, D., Careccia, S., Celentano, A., Chandavar, S., Charles, G., Colaneri, L., Cole, P., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Dodge, G., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., El Alaoui, A., El Fassi, L., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fleming, J., Fradi, A., Garillon, B., Gilfoyle, G., Giovanetti, K., Girod, F., Goetz, J., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R., Griffioen, K., Guegan, B., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Hughes, S., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D., Ishkhanov, B., Jenkins, D., Jiang, H., Jo, H., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kalantarians, N., Keller, D., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, A., Klein, F., Koirala, S., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S., Livingston, K., Lu, H., MacGregor, I., Markov, N., Mattione, P., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Mestayer, M., Meyer, C., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R., Moody, C., Moutarde, H., Movsisyan, A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Pisano, S., Pogorelko, O., Price, J., Procureur, S., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Roy, P., Sabati, F., Salgado, C., Schott, D., Schumacher, R., Seder, E., Sharabian, Y., Simonyan, A., Skorodumina, I., Smith, E., Smith, G., Sober, D., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strauch, S., Sytnik, V., Taiuti, M., Tian, Ye, Trivedi, A., Ungaro, M., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N., Watts, D., Wei, X., Wood, M., Zachariou, N., Zana, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., and Zonta, I. Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062003.
Adikaram, D., Rimal, D., Weinstein, L. B., Raue, B., Khetarpal, P., Bennett, R., Arrington, J., Brooks, W., Adhikari, K., Afanasev, A., Amaryan, M., Anderson, M., Anefalos Pereira, S., Avakian, H., Ball, J., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A., Bono, J., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W., Burkert, V., Carman, D., Careccia, S., Celentano, A., Chandavar, S., Charles, G., Colaneri, L., Cole, P., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Dodge, G., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., El Alaoui, A., El Fassi, L., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fleming, J., Fradi, A., Garillon, B., Gilfoyle, G., Giovanetti, K., Girod, F., Goetz, J., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R., Griffioen, K., Guegan, B., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Hughes, S., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D., Ishkhanov, B., Jenkins, D., Jiang, H., Jo, H., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kalantarians, N., Keller, D., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, A., Klein, F., Koirala, S., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S., Livingston, K., Lu, H., MacGregor, I., Markov, N., Mattione, P., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Mestayer, M., Meyer, C., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R., Moody, C., Moutarde, H., Movsisyan, A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Pisano, S., Pogorelko, O., Price, J., Procureur, S., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Roy, P., Sabati, F., Salgado, C., Schott, D., Schumacher, R., Seder, E., Sharabian, Y., Simonyan, A., Skorodumina, I., Smith, E., Smith, G., Sober, D., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strauch, S., Sytnik, V., Taiuti, M., Tian, Ye, Trivedi, A., Ungaro, M., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N., Watts, D., Wei, X., Wood, M., Zachariou, N., Zana, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., & Zonta, I. Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062003
Adikaram, D., Rimal, D., Weinstein, L. B., Raue, B., Khetarpal, P., Bennett, R., Arrington, J., Brooks, W., Adhikari, K., Afanasev, A., Amaryan, M., Anderson, M., Anefalos Pereira, S., Avakian, H., Ball, J., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A., Bono, J., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W., Burkert, V., Carman, D., Careccia, S., Celentano, A., Chandavar, S., Charles, G., Colaneri, L., Cole, P., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Dodge, G., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., El Alaoui, A., El Fassi, L., Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fleming, J., Fradi, A., Garillon, B., Gilfoyle, G., Giovanetti, K., Girod, F., Goetz, J., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R., Griffioen, K., Guegan, B., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hicks, K., Holtrop, M., Hughes, S., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D., Ishkhanov, B., Jenkins, D., Jiang, H., Jo, H., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kalantarians, N., Keller, D., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, A., Klein, F., Koirala, S., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S., Livingston, K., Lu, H., MacGregor, I., Markov, N., Mattione, P., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Mestayer, M., Meyer, C., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R., Moody, C., Moutarde, H., Movsisyan, A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Pisano, S., Pogorelko, O., Price, J., Procureur, S., Prok, Y., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Roy, P., Sabati, F., Salgado, C., Schott, D., Schumacher, R., Seder, E., Sharabian, Y., Simonyan, A., Skorodumina, I., Smith, E., Smith, G., Sober, D., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strauch, S., Sytnik, V., Taiuti, M., Tian, Ye, Trivedi, A., Ungaro, M., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N., Watts, D., Wei, X., Wood, M., Zachariou, N., Zana, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., and Zonta, I. 2015.
"Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062003. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1169688.
@article{osti_1169688,
title = {Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data},
author = {Adikaram, D. and Rimal, D. and Weinstein, L. B. and Raue, B. and Khetarpal, P. and Bennett, R. and Arrington, J. and Brooks, W. and Adhikari, K. and Afanasev, A. and Amaryan, M. and Anderson, M. and Anefalos Pereira, S. and Avakian, H. and Ball, J. and Battaglieri, M. and Bedlinskiy, I. and Biselli, A. and Bono, J. and Boiarinov, S. and Briscoe, W. and Burkert, V. and Carman, D. and Careccia, S. and Celentano, A. and Chandavar, S. and Charles, G. and Colaneri, L. and Cole, P. and Contalbrigo, M. and Crede, V. and D'Angelo, A. and Dashyan, N. and De Vita, R. and De Sanctis, E. and Deur, A. and Djalali, C. and Dodge, G. and Dupre, R. and Egiyan, H. and El Alaoui, A. and El Fassi, L. and Elouadrhiri, L. and Eugenio, P. and Fedotov, G. and Fegan, S. and Filippi, A. and Fleming, J. and Fradi, A. and Garillon, B. and Gilfoyle, G. and Giovanetti, K. and Girod, F. and Goetz, J. and Gohn, W. and Golovatch, E. and Gothe, R. and Griffioen, K. and Guegan, B. and Guidal, M. and Guo, L. and Hafidi, K. and Hakobyan, H. and Hanretty, C. and Harrison, N. and Hattawy, M. and Hicks, K. and Holtrop, M. and Hughes, S. and Hyde, C. E. and Ilieva, Y. and Ireland, D. and Ishkhanov, B. and Jenkins, D. and Jiang, H. and Jo, H. and Joo, K. and Joosten, S. and Kalantarians, N. and Keller, D. and Khandaker, M. and Kim, A. and Kim, W. and Klein, A. and Klein, F. and Koirala, S. and Kubarovsky, V. and Kuhn, S. and Livingston, K. and Lu, H. and MacGregor, I. and Markov, N. and Mattione, P. and Mayer, M. and McKinnon, B. and Mestayer, M. and Meyer, C. and Mirazita, M. and Mokeev, V. and Montgomery, R. and Moody, C. and Moutarde, H. and Movsisyan, A. and Camacho, C. Munoz and Nadel-Turonski, P. and Niccolai, S. and Niculescu, G. and Osipenko, M. and Ostrovidov, A. and Park, K. and Pasyuk, E. and Pisano, S. and Pogorelko, O. and Price, J. and Procureur, S. and Prok, Y. and Protopopescu, D. and Puckett, A. and Ripani, M. and Rizzo, A. and Rosner, G. and Rossi, P. and Roy, P. and Sabati, F. and Salgado, C. and Schott, D. and Schumacher, R. and Seder, E. and Sharabian, Y. and Simonyan, A. and Skorodumina, I. and Smith, E. and Smith, G. and Sober, D. and Sokhan, D. and Sparveris, N. and Stepanyan, S. and Stoler, P. and Strauch, S. and Sytnik, V. and Taiuti, M. and Tian, Ye and Trivedi, A. and Ungaro, M. and Voskanyan, H. and Voutier, E. and Walford, N. and Watts, D. and Wei, X. and Wood, M. and Zachariou, N. and Zana, L. and Zhang, J. and Zhao, Z. and Zonta, I.},
abstractNote = {There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, G(E)(p), extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can significantly affect the extraction of G(E)(p). from the unpolarized electron-proton cross sections. We determined the TPE contribution by measuring the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections using a simultaneous, tertiary electron-positron beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target and detecting the scattered particles in the Jefferson Lab CLAS detector. This novel technique allowed us to cover a wide range in virtual photon polarization (epsilon) and momentum transfer (Q(2)) simultaneously, as well as to cancel luminosity-related systematic errors. The cross section ratio increases with decreasing epsilon at Q(2) = 1.45 GeV2. This measurement is consistent with the size of the form factor discrepancy at Q(2) approximate to 1.75 GeV2 and with hadronic calculations including nucleon and Delta intermediate states, which have been shown to resolve the discrepancy up to 2-3 GeV2.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062003},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1169688},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
issn = {0031-9007},
number = 6,
volume = 114,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Tue Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Backward scattering of positrons and electrons on protons
journal, January 1968
- Bouquet, B.; Benaksas, D.; Grossetête, B.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 26, Issue 3
Nucleon Form Factors – A Jefferson Lab Perspective
journal, May 2011
- Arrington, John; de Jager, Kees; Perdrisat, Charles F.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 299
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, October 2007
- Perdrisat, C. F.; Punjabi, V.; Vanderhaeghen, M.
- Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 2
The OLYMPUS experiment
text, January 2014
- Milner, R.; Hasell, D. K.; Kohl, M.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes
journal, November 2007
- Carlson, Carl E.; Vanderhaeghen, Marc
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 57, Issue 1
The OLYMPUS experiment
journal, March 2014
- Milner, R.; Hasell, D. K.; Kohl, M.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 741
Measurement of the two-photon exchange contribution in elastic ep scattering at VEPP–3
journal, April 2012
- Gramolin, A. V.; Arrington, J.; Barkov, L. M.
- Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, Vol. 225-227
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors from lattice QCD
journal, February 2004
- Ashley, J. D.; Leinweber, D. B.; Thomas, A. W.
- The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 19, Issue S1
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors from lattice QCD
journal, August 2006
- Alexandrou, C.; Koutsou, G.; Negele, J. W.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 74, Issue 3
Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and the Electric and Magnetic Strange Form Factors of the Nucleon
journal, November 2012
- Armstrong, D. S.; McKeown, R. D.
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 62, Issue 1
Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
journal, October 2011
- Arrington, J.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.
- Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 4
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, May 2007
- Arrington, J.; Roberts, C. D.; Zanotti, J. M.
- Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 34, Issue 7
Measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton from =1.75 to 8.83 (GeV/ c
journal, November 1994
- Andivahis, L.; Bosted, P. E.; Lung, A.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 50, Issue 9
Ratio by Polarization Transfer in
journal, February 2000
- Jones, M. K.; Aniol, K. A.; Baker, F. T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 7
Measurement of in to
journal, February 2002
- Gayou, O.; Aniol, K. A.; Averett, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 9
How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton?
journal, September 2003
- Arrington, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 68, Issue 3
Measurements of electron-proton elastic cross sections for
journal, July 2004
- Christy, M. E.; Ahmidouch, A.; Armstrong, C. S.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Precision Rosenbluth Measurement of the Proton Elastic Form Factors
journal, April 2005
- Qattan, I. A.; Arrington, J.; Segel, R. E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 14
Proton elastic form factor ratios to by polarization transfer
journal, May 2005
- Punjabi, V.; Perdrisat, C. F.; Aniol, K. A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 71, Issue 5
Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to
journal, June 2010
- Puckett, A. J. R.; Brash, E. J.; Jones, M. K.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 24
Final analysis of proton form factor ratio data at , 4.8, and 5.6 GeV
journal, April 2012
- Puckett, A. J. R.; Brash, E. J.; Gayou, O.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 4
Electric and magnetic form factors of the proton
journal, July 2014
- Bernauer, J. C.; Distler, M. O.; Friedrich, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 1
Quasielastic reaction on , and
journal, December 2003
- Dutta, D.; van Westrum, D.; Abbott, D.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 68, Issue 6
Implications of the discrepancy between proton form factor measurements
journal, February 2004
- Arrington, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 69, Issue 2
Flavor Decomposition of the Elastic Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors
journal, June 2011
- Cates, G. D.; de Jager, C. W.; Riordan, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 25
Strange-quark vector currents and parity-violating electron scattering from the nucleon and from nuclei
journal, June 1989
- Beck, D. H.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 39, Issue 11
Nucleon form factors and spin content in a quark-diquark model with a pion cloud
journal, July 2012
- Cloët, Ian C.; Miller, Gerald A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 1
How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors
journal, October 2003
- Guichon, P. A. M.; Vanderhaeghen, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 14
Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, October 2003
- Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 14
Extraction of two-photon contributions to the proton form factors
journal, January 2005
- Arrington, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 71, Issue 1
Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering
journal, September 2005
- Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 72, Issue 3
Two-Photon-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, June 2005
- Afanasev, Andrei V.; Carlson, Carl E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 21
Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic and Scattering
journal, January 1969
- Mo, L. W.; Tsai, Y. S.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 1
Radiative corrections for reactions at GeV energies
journal, October 2001
- Ent, R.; Filippone, B. W.; Makins, N. C. R.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 64, Issue 5
Comparison of Electron-Proton and Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Four-Momentum Transfers up to 5.0
journal, August 1968
- Mar, Jerry; Barish, Barry C.; Pine, Jerome
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 7
Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at 800 and 1200 MeV
journal, February 1968
- Anderson, R. L.; Borgia, B.; Cassiday, G. L.
- Physical Review, Vol. 166, Issue 5
Small-Angle Electron-Proton Elastic-Scattering Cross Sections for Squared Momentum Transfers Between 10 and 105
journal, September 1966
- Bartel, W.; Dudelzak, B.; Krehbiel, H.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11
Evidence for two-photon exchange contributions in electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering
journal, March 2004
- Arrington, J.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 69, Issue 3
Demonstration of a novel technique to measure two-photon exchange effects in elastic scattering
journal, August 2013
- Moteabbed, M.; Niroula, M.; Raue, B. A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 2
The bremsstrahlung tagged photon beam in Hall B at JLab
journal, February 2000
- Sober, D. I.; Crannell, Hall; Longhi, Alberto
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 440, Issue 2
The CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS)
journal, May 2003
- Mecking, B. A.; Adams, G.; Ahmad, S.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 503, Issue 3
The CLAS drift chamber system
journal, July 2000
- Mestayer, M. D.; Carman, D. S.; Asavapibhop, B.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 449, Issue 1-2
The time-of-flight system for CLAS
journal, August 1999
- Smith, E. S.; Carstens, T.; Distelbrink, J.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 432, Issue 2-3
The CLAS forward electromagnetic calorimeter
journal, March 2001
- Amarian, M.; Asryan, G.; Beard, K.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 460, Issue 2-3
Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections
journal, September 2007
- Arrington, J.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 3
Two-photon exchange corrections to the pion form factor
journal, January 2010
- Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 81, Issue 1
Precise determination of low- nucleon electromagnetic form factors and their impact on parity-violating - elastic scattering
journal, September 2007
- Arrington, John; Sick, Ingo
- Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 3
Detailed analysis of two-boson exchange in parity-violating - scattering
journal, May 2009
- Tjon, J. A.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 5
How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton?
journal, July 2003
- Arrington, J.
- The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Two-photon exchange corrections to the pion form factor
text, January 2009
- Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A.
- arXiv
Flavor decomposition of the elastic nucleon electromagnetic form factors
text, January 2011
- Cates, G. D.; de Jager, C. W.; Riordan, S.
- arXiv
Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
text, January 2011
- Arrington, J.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.
- arXiv
Nucleon form factors and spin content in a quark-diquark model with a pion cloud
text, January 2012
- Cloet, Ian C.; Miller, Gerald A.
- arXiv
Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and the Electric and Magnetic Strange Form Factors of the Nucleon
text, January 2012
- Armstrong, D. S.; McKeown, R. D.
- arXiv
The nucleon electromagnetic form factors from Lattice QCD
text, January 2006
- Alexandrou, C.; Koutsou, G.; Negele, J. W.
- arXiv
How Well Do We Know the Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton?
text, January 2002
- Arrington, J.
- arXiv
Two-Photon-Exchange Correction to Parity-Violating Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
text, January 2005
- Afanasev, Andrei V.; Carlson, Carl E.
- arXiv
Evidence for two-photon exchange contributions in electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering
text, January 2003
- Arrington, J.
- arXiv
Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering
text, January 2005
- Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A.
- arXiv
Precise determination of low-Q nucleon electromagnetic form factors and their impact on parity-violating e-p elastic scattering
text, January 2006
- Arrington, John; Sick, Ingo
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Evaluation of the Proton Charge Radius from Electron–Proton Scattering
journal, September 2015
- Arrington, John; Sick, Ingo
- Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 44, Issue 3
Two-Photon Exchange: Future Experimental Prospects
journal, July 2018
- Bernauer, Jan C.
- Few-Body Systems, Vol. 59, Issue 6
The structure of the nucleon: Elastic electromagnetic form factors
journal, July 2015
- Punjabi, V.; Perdrisat, C. F.; Jones, M. K.
- The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 51, Issue 7
Hard two-photon contribution to elastic lepton-proton scattering determined by the OLYMPUS experiment
journal, February 2018
- Hasell, D. K.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 966
Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic e±p cross sections
text, January 2017
- Unknown, (:Unkn)
- My University
Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment
text, January 2016
- Henderson, Brian; Ice, Lauren; Khaneft, Dmitry
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Codata Recommended Values Of The Fundamental Physical Constants: 2014
text, January 2015
- Mohr, Peter J.; Newell, David B.; Taylor, Barry N.
- Zenodo
Evaluation of the strength of electron-proton scattering data for determining the proton charge radius
text, January 2015
- Horbatsch, M.; Hessels, E. A.
- arXiv
Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering: Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment
text, January 2016
- Henderson, B. S.; Ice, L. D.; Khaneft, D.
- arXiv