DNA repair and radiation sensitivity in mammalian cells

Conference · Mon Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 1993

OSTI ID:10132740

Chen, D J.C.; Stackhouse, M ^[1]; Chen, D S ^[2]

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1. Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
2. Rochester Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Radiation Oncology

Ionizing radiation induces various types of damage in mammalian cells including DNA single-strand breaks, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), DNA-protein cross links, and altered DNA bases. Although human cells can repair many of these lesions there is little detailed knowledge of the nature of the genes and the encoded enzymes that control these repair processes. We report here on the cellular and genetic analyses of DNA double-strand break repair deficient mammalian cells. It has been well established that the DNA double-strand break is one of the major lesions induced by ionizing radiation. Utilizing rodent repair-deficient mutant, we have shown that the genes responsible for DNA double-strand break repair are also responsible for the cellular expression of radiation sensitivity. The molecular genetic analysis of DSB repair in rodent/human hybrid cells indicate that at least 6 different genes in mammalian cells are responsible for the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Mapping and the prospect of cloning of human radiation repair genes are reviewed. Understanding the molecular and genetic basis of radiation sensitivity and DNA repair in man will provide a rational foundation to predict the individual risk associated with radiation exposure and to prevent radiation-induced genetic damage in the human population.

• Research Organization: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
• DOE Contract Number: W-7405-ENG-36
• OSTI ID: 10132740
• Report Number(s): LA-UR-93-189; CONF-9210291-2; ON: DE93007341
• Resource Relation: Conference: Workshop on radiation effects,Taipei (Taiwan, Province of China),18 Oct 1992; Other Information: PBD: [1993]
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DNA REPAIR
RADIOSENSITIVITY
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
STRAND BREAKS
ENDONUCLEASES
GENETIC MAPPING
ANIMAL CELLS
MUTANTS
MAN
DNA HELICASES
HUMAN CHROMOSOME 2
560120
550200
RADIATION EFFECTS ON BIOCHEMICALS, CELLS, AND TISSUE CULTURE
BIOCHEMISTRY