Review and Understanding of Screen-Printed Contacts and Selective-Emitter Formation: Preprint
Abstract
A comparison of the loss mechanisms in screen-printed solar cells relative to buried contact cells and cells with photolithography-defined contacts is presented in this paper. Model calculations show that emitter recombination accounts for about 0.5% absolute efficiency loss in conventional screen-printed cells with low-sheet-resistance emitters. Ohmic contact to high-sheet-resistance emitters by screen-printing has been investigated to regain this efficiency loss. Our work shows that good quality ohmic contacts to high sheet-resistance emitters can be achieved if the glass frit chemistry and Ag particle size are carefully tailored. The melting characteristics of the glass frit determine the firing scheme suitable for low contact resistance and high fill factors. In addition, small to regular Ag particles were found to help achieve a higher open-circuit voltage and maintain a low contact resistance. This work has resulted in cells with high fill factors (0.782) on high sheet-resistance emitters and efficiencies of 17.4% on planar float zone Si substrates, without the need for a selective emitter.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (US)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- US Department of Energy (US)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 15009892
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/CP-520-36747
TRN: US200430%%1575
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC36-99-GO10337
- Resource Type:
- Conference
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Prepared for the 14th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules, Winter Park, CO (US), 08/08/2004--08/11/2004; Other Information: PBD: 1 Aug 2004
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; CHEMISTRY; EFFICIENCY; FILL FACTORS; GLASS; MELTING; PARTICLE SIZE; RECOMBINATION; SCREEN PRINTING; SILICON SOLAR CELLS; SOLAR CELLS; SUBSTRATES; CRYSTAL GROWTH; PASSIVATION; MICROELECTRONICS; SOLAR ENERGY; PV; PHOTOVOLTAICS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; MATERIALS AND PROCESSES; MODULE; IMPURITIES; DEVICE PROCESS; DEFECT; SOLAR ENERGY - PHOTOVOLTAICS
Citation Formats
Hilali, M M, Rohatgi, A, and To, B. Review and Understanding of Screen-Printed Contacts and Selective-Emitter Formation: Preprint. United States: N. p., 2004.
Web.
Hilali, M M, Rohatgi, A, & To, B. Review and Understanding of Screen-Printed Contacts and Selective-Emitter Formation: Preprint. United States.
Hilali, M M, Rohatgi, A, and To, B. 2004.
"Review and Understanding of Screen-Printed Contacts and Selective-Emitter Formation: Preprint". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/15009892.
@article{osti_15009892,
title = {Review and Understanding of Screen-Printed Contacts and Selective-Emitter Formation: Preprint},
author = {Hilali, M M and Rohatgi, A and To, B},
abstractNote = {A comparison of the loss mechanisms in screen-printed solar cells relative to buried contact cells and cells with photolithography-defined contacts is presented in this paper. Model calculations show that emitter recombination accounts for about 0.5% absolute efficiency loss in conventional screen-printed cells with low-sheet-resistance emitters. Ohmic contact to high-sheet-resistance emitters by screen-printing has been investigated to regain this efficiency loss. Our work shows that good quality ohmic contacts to high sheet-resistance emitters can be achieved if the glass frit chemistry and Ag particle size are carefully tailored. The melting characteristics of the glass frit determine the firing scheme suitable for low contact resistance and high fill factors. In addition, small to regular Ag particles were found to help achieve a higher open-circuit voltage and maintain a low contact resistance. This work has resulted in cells with high fill factors (0.782) on high sheet-resistance emitters and efficiencies of 17.4% on planar float zone Si substrates, without the need for a selective emitter.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/15009892},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2004},
month = {Sun Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2004}
}