Influence of crystal allomorph and crystallinity on the products and behavior of cellulose during fast pyrolysis

Mukarakate, Calvin; Mittal, Ashutosh; Ciesielski, Peter N.; Budhi, Sridhar; Thompson, Logan; Iisa, Kristiina; Nimlos, Mark R.; Donohoe, Bryon S.

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00812

Title: Influence of crystal allomorph and crystallinity on the products and behavior of cellulose during fast pyrolysis

Journal Article · Tue Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00812· OSTI ID:1324229

Mukarakate, Calvin ^[1]; Mittal, Ashutosh ^[1]; Ciesielski, Peter N. ^[1]; Budhi, Sridhar ^[1]; Thompson, Logan ^[1]; Iisa, Kristiina ^[1]; Nimlos, Mark R. ^[1]; Donohoe, Bryon S. ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Here, cellulose is the primary biopolymer responsible for maintaining the structural and mechanical integrity of cell walls and, during the fast pyrolysis of biomass, may be restricting cell wall expansion and inhibiting phase transitions that would otherwise facilitate efficient escape of pyrolysis products. Here, we test whether modifications in two physical properties of cellulose, its crystalline allomorph and degree of crystallinity, alter its performance during fast pyrolysis. We show that both crystal allomorph and relative crystallinity of cellulose impact the slate of primary products produced by fast pyrolysis. For both cellulose-I and cellulose-II, changes in crystallinity dramatically impact the fast pyrolysis product portfolio. In both cases, only the most highly crystalline samples produced vapors dominated by levoglucosan. Cellulose-III, on the other hand, produces largely the same slate of products regardless of its relative crystallinity and produced as much or more levoglucosan at all crystallinity levels compared to cellulose-I or II. In addition to changes in products, the different cellulose allomorphs affected the viscoelastic properties of cellulose during rapid heating. Real-time hot-stage pyrolysis was used to visualize the transition of the solid material through a molten phase and particle shrinkage. SEM analysis of the chars revealed additional differences in viscoelastic properties and molten phase behavior impacted by cellulose crystallinity and allomorph. Regardless of relative crystallinity, the cellulose-III samples displayed the most obvious evidence of having transitioned through a molten phase.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; SC000997

OSTI ID:: 1324229

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5100-66920

Journal Information:: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 9; ISSN 2168-0485

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 57 works

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