Studies of Heavy-Ion Reactions and Transuranic Nuclei

Schroeder, W. Udo

doi:10.2172/1275496

Title: Studies of Heavy-Ion Reactions and Transuranic Nuclei

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Abstract

Studies of heavy-ion reactions and transuranic nuclei performed by the University of Rochester Nuclear Science Research Group have been successful in furthering experimental systematics and theoretical understanding of the behavior of nuclear systems excited to their limits of stability. The theoretical results explain specifically the “boiling” and “vaporization” of atomic nuclei, but are more generally applicable to isolated, quantal many-particle systems which, under thermal or mechanical stresses, all disintegrate by evaporation, via surface cluster emission, or via fission-like processes. Accompanying experimental investigations by the group have demonstrated several new types of dynamical instability of nuclei: In central, “head-on” collisions, target nuclei exhibit limited ability to stop energetic projectile nuclei and to dissipate the imparted linear momentum. Substantial matter overlap (“neck”) between projectile and target nuclei, which is observed at elevated collision energies, can be stretched considerably and break at several places simultaneously. These results provide new testing grounds for microscopic theory of the cohesion of nuclear matter. This property has remained elusive, even though the elementary nucleon-nucleon forces are well known since some time. Technical R&D has resulted in a detailed characterization of a novel plastic material, which can now be used in the design of sensitive diagnostic systems formore »« less

Authors:

Schroeder, W. Udo ^[1]

Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Dept. of Chemistry. Dept. of Physics

Publication Date:: Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1275496

Report Number(s):: DOE-Rochester-WUS-40414
TRN: US1700248

DOE Contract Number:: FG02-88ER40414

Resource Type:: Technical Report

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS; NUCLEAR MATTER; HEAVY ION REACTIONS; NUCLEI; DE-EXCITATION; PLASTIC SCINTILLATION DETECTORS; GAMMA DETECTION; NEUTRON DETECTION; CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION; EXCITATION; FISSION; LINEAR MOMENTUM; INSTABILITY; LASERS; NUCLEAR REACTION KINETICS; STABILITY; STRESSES; Heavy-Ion Reactions; Fusion-Fission; L-window; Microcanonical; thermodynamics; Spinodal instability; Nuclear phase transition; Neck dynamic; Nuclear cluster; Scintillator material; Neutron detector

Citation Formats


                    Schroeder, W. Udo. Studies of Heavy-Ion Reactions and Transuranic Nuclei.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.2172/1275496.

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                    Schroeder, W. Udo. Studies of Heavy-Ion Reactions and Transuranic Nuclei.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.2172/1275496

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                    Schroeder, W. Udo. 2016.  
        "Studies of Heavy-Ion Reactions and Transuranic Nuclei".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.2172/1275496.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1275496.

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@article{osti_1275496,

  title        = {Studies of Heavy-Ion Reactions and Transuranic Nuclei},

  author       = {Schroeder, W. Udo},

  abstractNote = {Studies of heavy-ion reactions and transuranic nuclei performed by the University of Rochester Nuclear Science Research Group have been successful in furthering experimental systematics and theoretical understanding of the behavior of nuclear systems excited to their limits of stability. The theoretical results explain specifically the “boiling” and “vaporization” of atomic nuclei, but are more generally applicable to isolated, quantal many-particle systems which, under thermal or mechanical stresses, all disintegrate by evaporation, via surface cluster emission, or via fission-like processes. Accompanying experimental investigations by the group have demonstrated several new types of dynamical instability of nuclei: In central, “head-on” collisions, target nuclei exhibit limited ability to stop energetic projectile nuclei and to dissipate the imparted linear momentum. Substantial matter overlap (“neck”) between projectile and target nuclei, which is observed at elevated collision energies, can be stretched considerably and break at several places simultaneously. These results provide new testing grounds for microscopic theory of the cohesion of nuclear matter. This property has remained elusive, even though the elementary nucleon-nucleon forces are well known since some time. Technical R&D has resulted in a detailed characterization of a novel plastic material, which can now be used in the design of sensitive diagnostic systems for various types of radio-activity. Innovative application of powerful laser systems has produced intense, controllable sources of exotic particle radioactivity for nuclear investigations. Several students have received their Ph.D. degree in experimental nuclear science for their work on basic nuclear research or R&D projects.},

  doi          = {10.2172/1275496},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1275496},
  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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