Correlation between micrometer-scale ripple alignment and atomic-scale crystallographic orientation of monolayer graphene

Choi, Jin Sik; Chang, Young Jun; Woo, Sungjong; Son, Young-Woo; Park, Yeonggu; Lee, Mi Jung; Byun, Ik-Su; Kim, Jin-Soo; Choi, Choon-Gi; Bostwick, Aaron; Rotenberg, Eli; Park, Bae Ho

doi:10.1038/srep07263

Title: Correlation between micrometer-scale ripple alignment and atomic-scale crystallographic orientation of monolayer graphene

Journal Article · Mon Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07263· OSTI ID:1256046

Choi, Jin Sik ^[1]; Chang, Young Jun ^[2]; Woo, Sungjong ^[3]; Son, Young-Woo ^[3]; Park, Yeonggu ^[4]; Lee, Mi Jung ^[4]; Byun, Ik-Su ^[4]; Kim, Jin-Soo ^[1]; Choi, Choon-Gi ^[5]; Bostwick, Aaron ^[6]; Rotenberg, Eli ^[6]; Park, Bae Ho ^[4]

Konkuk Univ. Seoul (Korea); Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon (Korea)
Univ. of Seoul, Seoul (Korea)
Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul (Korea)
Konkuk Univ. Seoul (Korea)
Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon (Korea)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

Deformation normal to the surface is intrinsic in two-dimensional materials due to phononic thermal fluctuations at finite temperatures. Graphene's negative thermal expansion coefficient is generally explained by such an intrinsic property. Recently, friction measurements on graphene exfoliated on a silicon oxide surface revealed an anomalous anisotropy whose origin was believed to be the formation of ripple domains. Here, we uncover the atomistic origin of the observed friction domains using a cantilever torsion microscopy in conjunction with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We experimentally demonstrate that ripples on graphene are formed along the zigzag direction of the hexagonal lattice. The formation of zigzag directional ripple is consistent with our theoretical model that takes account of the atomic-scale bending stiffness of carbon-carbon bonds and the interaction of graphene with the substrate. Lastly, the correlation between micrometer-scale ripple alignment and atomic-scale arrangement of exfoliated monolayer graphene is first discovered and suggests a practical tool for measuring lattice orientation of graphene.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1256046

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 4; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 19 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (44)

Crystalline Order in Two Dimensions Mermin, N. D. Physical Review, Vol. 176, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.176.250	journal	December 1968
First-principles determination of the structural, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of diamond, graphite, and derivatives Mounet, Nicolas; Marzari, Nicola Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.205214	journal	May 2005
Intrinsic ripples in graphene Fasolino, A.; Los, J. H.; Katsnelson, M. I. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2011	journal	September 2007
Dynamic ripples in single layer graphene He, Y. Z.; Li, H.; Si, P. C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3551574	journal	February 2011
Strong Suppression of Weak Localization in Graphene Morozov, S. V.; Novoselov, K. S.; Katsnelson, M. I. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.016801	journal	July 2006
Raman Spectroscopy of Ripple Formation in Suspended Graphene Chen, Chun-Chung; Bao, Wenzhong; Theiss, Jesse Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl9023935	journal	December 2009
Controlled ripple texturing of suspended graphene and ultrathin graphite membranes Bao, Wenzhong; Miao, Feng; Chen, Zhen Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.191	journal	July 2009
Corrugation in Exfoliated Graphene: An Electron Microscopy and Diffraction Study Locatelli, Andrea; Knox, Kevin R.; Cvetko, Dean ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn101116n	journal	July 2010
Breakdown of continuum mechanics for nanometre-wavelength rippling of graphene Tapasztó, Levente; Dumitrică, Traian; Kim, Sung Jin Nature Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2389	journal	August 2012
Aharonov–Bohm interferences from local deformations in graphene de Juan, Fernando; Cortijo, Alberto; Vozmediano, María A. H. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2034	journal	July 2011
Strain-Induced Pseudo-Magnetic Fields Greater Than 300 Tesla in Graphene Nanobubbles Levy, N.; Burke, S. A.; Meaker, K. L. Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5991 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191700	journal	July 2010
Electronic superlattices in corrugated graphene Isacsson, A.; Jonsson, L. M.; Kinaret, J. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.035423	journal	January 2008
Anisotropic behaviours of massless Dirac fermions in graphene under periodic potentials Park, Cheol-Hwan; Yang, Li; Son, Young-Woo Nature Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys890	journal	February 2008
Friction Anisotropy-Driven Domain Imaging on Exfoliated Monolayer Graphene Choi, J. S.; Kim, J. -S.; Byun, I. -S. Science, Vol. 333, Issue 6042 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207110	journal	June 2011
Facile characterization of ripple domains on exfoliated graphene Choi, Jin Sik; Kim, Jin-Soo; Byun, Ik-Su Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4737428	journal	July 2012
Half-metallic graphene nanoribbons Son, Young-Woo; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G. Nature, Vol. 444, Issue 7117 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05180	journal	November 2006
Energy Gaps in Graphene Nanoribbons Son, Young-Woo; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.216803	journal	November 2006
The influence of edge structure on the electronic properties of graphene quantum dots and nanoribbons Ritter, Kyle A.; Lyding, Joseph W. Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2378	journal	February 2009
Zigzag and armchair edges in graphene Enoki, Toshiaki; Fujii, Shintaro; Takai, Kazuyuki Carbon, Vol. 50, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.10.004	journal	August 2012
Grain Orientation Mapping of Polycrystalline Organic Semiconductor Films by Transverse Shear Microscopy Kalihari, Vivek; Tadmor, E. B.; Haugstad, Greg Advanced Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801834	journal	November 2008
Microstructure and Phase Behavior of a Quinquethiophene-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer as a Function of Temperature Flesch, Heinz-Georg; Mathijssen, Simon G. J.; Gholamrezaie, Fatemeh The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp206033x	journal	October 2011
Friction force microscopy: a simple technique for identifying graphene on rough substrates and mapping the orientation of graphene grains on copper Marsden, A. J.; Phillips, M.; Wilson, N. R. Nanotechnology, Vol. 24, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/25/255704	journal	May 2013
Frictional Characteristics of Atomically Thin Sheets Lee, C.; Li, Q.; Kalb, W. Science, Vol. 328, Issue 5974, p. 76-80 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1184167	journal	April 2010
Experimental studies of the electronic structure of graphene Bostwick, Aaron; McChesney, Jessica; Ohta, Taisuke Progress in Surface Science, Vol. 84, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2009.08.002	journal	November 2009
Making angle-resolved photoemission measurements on corrugated monolayer crystals: Suspended exfoliated single-crystal graphene Knox, Kevin R.; Locatelli, Andrea; Yilmaz, Mehmet B. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.115401	journal	September 2011
First Direct Observation of a Nearly Ideal Graphene Band Structure Sprinkle, M.; Siegel, D.; Hu, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.226803	journal	November 2009
Electronic Structure of Epitaxial Graphene Layers on SiC: Effect of the Substrate Varchon, F.; Feng, R.; Hass, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.126805	journal	September 2007
Substrate-induced bandgap opening in epitaxial graphene Zhou, S. Y.; Gweon, G. -H.; Fedorov, A. V. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2003	journal	September 2007
Controlling the Electronic Structure of Bilayer Graphene Ohta, Taisuke; Bostwick, Aaron; Seyller, Thomas Science, Vol. 313, Issue 5789 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130681	journal	August 2006
Negative Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Graphene Measured by Raman Spectroscopy Yoon, Duhee; Son, Young-Woo; Cheong, Hyeonsik Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201488g	journal	August 2011
Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene Lee, C.; Wei, X.; Kysar, J. W. Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5887, p. 385-388 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996	journal	July 2008
Chirality- and size-dependent elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes Chang, Tienchong; Geng, Jingyan; Guo, Xingming Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2149216	journal	December 2005
Ultrastrong adhesion of graphene membranes Koenig, Steven P.; Boddeti, Narasimha G.; Dunn, Martin L. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.123	journal	August 2011
Midgap states and charge inhomogeneities in corrugated graphene Guinea, F.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Vozmediano, M. A. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.77.075422	journal	February 2008
Structural and frictional properties of graphene films on SiC(0001) studied by atomic force microscopy Filleter, T.; Bennewitz, R. Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.81.155412	journal	April 2010
Periodic ripples in suspended graphene Wang, Zhao; Devel, Michel Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.83.125422	journal	March 2011
Intrinsic and extrinsic corrugation of monolayer graphene deposited on ${SiO}_{2}$ Geringer, V.; Liebmann, M.; Echtermeyer, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.076102	journal	February 2009
Irreversibility in Response to Forces Acting on Graphene Sheets Abedpour, N.; Asgari, Reza; Tabar, M. Reza Rahimi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.104.196804	journal	May 2010
Friction Anisotropy of the Surface of Organic Crystals and Its Impact on Scanning Force Microscopy Campione, M.; Fumagalli, E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.105.166103	journal	October 2010
Intrinsic ripples in graphene Fasolino, A.; Los, J. H.; Katsnelson, M. I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0704.1793	text	January 2007
First direct observation of a nearly ideal graphene band structure Sprinkle, M.; Siegel, D.; Hu, Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0907.5222	text	January 2009
Strong suppression of weak (anti)localization in graphene Morozov, S. V.; Novoselov, K. S.; Katsnelson, M. I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0603826	text	January 2006
Half-Metallic Graphene Nanoribbons Son, Young-Woo; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0611600	text	January 2006
Energy Gaps in Graphene Nanoribbons Son, Young-Woo; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0611602	text	January 2006

Cited By (4)

Barrier Reduction of Lithium Ion Tunneling through Graphene with Hybrid Defects: First-Principles Calculations Xin, Yanbo; Huang, Anping; Hu, Qi Advanced Theory and Simulations, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.201700009	journal	January 2018
Velocity-dependent friction enhances tribomechanical differences between monolayer and multilayer graphene Ptak, F.; Almeida, C. M.; Prioli, R. Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51103-1	journal	October 2019
Configuration of ripple domains and their topological defects formed under local mechanical stress on hexagonal monolayer graphene Park, Yeonggu; Choi, Jin Sik; Choi, Taekjib Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09390	journal	March 2015
Switchable friction enabled by nanoscale self-assembly on graphene Gallagher, Patrick; Lee, Menyoung; Amet, Francois arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.05253	text	January 2015

Similar Records

Configuration of ripple domains and their topological defects formed under local mechanical stress on hexagonal monolayer graphene

Journal Article · Tue Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Scientific Reports · OSTI ID:1256046

Park, Yeonggu; Choi, Jin Sik; Choi, Taekjib; +5 more

Deconstructing proton transport through atomically thin monolayer CVD graphene membranes

Journal Article · Wed Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A · OSTI ID:1256046

Chaturvedi, Pavan; Moehring, Nicole K.; Cheng, Peifu; +3 more

Laboratory-Scale Coal-Derived Graphene Process (Final Report)

Technical Report · Mon Jun 05 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · OSTI ID:1256046

Azenkeng, Alexander; Stanislowski, Nicholas E.; Tibbetts, James E.; +1 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Title: Correlation between micrometer-scale ripple alignment and atomic-scale crystallographic orientation of monolayer graphene

Citation Formats

References (44)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects