Valence-band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide upon thermal annealing for optoelectronics

Yamaguchi, Hisato; Ogawa, Shuichi; Watanabe, Daiki; Hozumi, Hideaki; Gao, Yongqian; Eda, Goki; Mattevi, Cecilia; Fujita, Takeshi; Yoshigoe, Akitaka; Ishizuka, Shinji; Adamska, Lyudmyla; Yamada, Takatoshi; Dattelbaum, Andrew M.; Gupta, Gautam; Doorn, Stephen K.; Velizhanin, Kirill A.; Teraoka, Yuden; Chen, Mingwei; Htoon, Han; Chhowalla, Manish; Mohite, Aditya D.; Takakuwa, Yuji

doi:10.1002/pssa.201532855

Title: Valence-band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide upon thermal annealing for optoelectronics

Journal Article · Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Physica Status Solidi. A, Applications and Materials Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201532855· OSTI ID:1254851

Yamaguchi, Hisato ^[1]; Ogawa, Shuichi ^[2]; Watanabe, Daiki ^[2]; Hozumi, Hideaki ^[2]; Gao, Yongqian ^[1]; Eda, Goki ^[3]; Mattevi, Cecilia ^[4]; Fujita, Takeshi ^[5]; Yoshigoe, Akitaka ^[6]; Ishizuka, Shinji ^[7]; Adamska, Lyudmyla ^[1]; Yamada, Takatoshi ^[8]; Dattelbaum, Andrew M. ^[1]; Gupta, Gautam ^[1]; Doorn, Stephen K. ^[1]; Velizhanin, Kirill A. ^[1]; Teraoka, Yuden ^[6]; Chen, Mingwei ^[5]; Htoon, Han ^[1]; Chhowalla, Manish ^[9] more »

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Inst. of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore)
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom)
Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). WPI-Advanced Inst. for Materials Research
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Kouto (Japan)
Akita National College of Technology, Akita (Japan)
National Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba (Japan). Nanotube Research Center
Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)

We report valence‐band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide (GO) upon its thermal reduction. The degree of oxygen functionalization was controlled by annealing temperature, and an electronic structure evolution was monitored using real‐time ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. We observed a drastic increase in the density of states around the Fermi level upon thermal annealing at ∼600 °C. The result indicates that while there is an apparent bandgap for GO prior to a thermal reduction, the gap closes after an annealing around that temperature. This trend of bandgap closure was correlated with the electrical, chemical, and structural properties to determine a set of GO material properties that is optimal for optoelectronics. The results revealed that annealing at a temperature of ∼500 °C leads to the desired properties, demonstrated by a uniform and an order of magnitude enhanced photocurrent map of an individual GO sheet compared to an as‐synthesized counterpart.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1254851

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1401197

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-15-23672

Journal Information:: Physica Status Solidi. A, Applications and Materials Science, Journal Name: Physica Status Solidi. A, Applications and Materials Science; ISSN 1862-6300

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 13 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (38)

Flash Reduction and Patterning of Graphite Oxide and Its Polymer Composite Cote, Laura J.; Cruz-Silva, Rodolfo; Huang, Jiaxing Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 31, p. 11027-11032 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja902348k	journal	August 2009
Determination of the Local Chemical Structure of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Erickson, Kris; Erni, Rolf; Lee, Zonghoon Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 40, p. 4467-4472 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201000732	journal	August 2010
Simultaneous reduction and nitrogen doping of graphite oxide by using electron beam irradiation Kang, M.; Lee, D. H.; Yang, J. RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 126 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA20199C	journal	January 2015
Spatially Resolved Photoexcited Charge-Carrier Dynamics in Phase-Engineered Monolayer MoS ₂ Yamaguchi, Hisato; Blancon, Jean-Christophe; Kappera, Rajesh ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn506469v	journal	January 2015
Atomic Oxygen on Graphite: Chemical Characterization and Thermal Reduction Larciprete, Rosanna; Lacovig, Paolo; Gardonio, Sandra The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2098153	journal	May 2012
Insulator to Semimetal Transition in Graphene Oxide Eda, Goki; Mattevi, Cecilia; Yamaguchi, Hisato The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9051402	journal	August 2009
Probing the Thermal Deoxygenation of Graphene Oxide Using High-Resolution In Situ X-ray-Based Spectroscopies Ganguly, Abhijit; Sharma, Surbhi; Papakonstantinou, Pagona The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp203741y	journal	August 2011
Structure Evolution of Graphene Oxide during Thermally Driven Phase Transformation: Is the Oxygen Content Really Preserved? Sun, Pengzhan; Wang, Yanlei; Liu, He PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111908	journal	November 2014
Properties of Fluorinated Graphene Films Robinson, Jeremy T.; Burgess, James S.; Junkermeier, Chad E. Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl101437p	journal	August 2010
Flexible Organic Photovoltaic Cells with In Situ Nonthermal Photoreduction of Spin-Coated Graphene Oxide Electrodes Kymakis, Emmanuel; Savva, Kyriaki; Stylianakis, Minas M. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202713	journal	January 2013
Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide Stankovich, Sasha; Dikin, Dmitriy A.; Piner, Richard D. Carbon, Vol. 45, Issue 7, p. 1558-1565 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034	journal	June 2007
On the origin of the stability of graphene oxide membranes in water Yeh, Che-Ning; Raidongia, Kalyan; Shao, Jiaojing Nature Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2145	journal	January 2015
Atomically precise bottom-up fabrication of graphene nanoribbons Cai, Jinming; Ruffieux, Pascal; Jaafar, Rached Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7305 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09211	journal	July 2010
Evolution of Electrical, Chemical, and Structural Properties of Transparent and Conducting Chemically Derived Graphene Thin Films Mattevi, Cecilia; Eda, Goki; Agnoli, Stefano Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200900166	journal	August 2009
The band structure of graphene oxide examined using photoluminescence spectroscopy Liang, H. F.; Smith, C. T. G.; Mills, C. A. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC00307E	journal	January 2015
Diamond-like amorphous carbon Robertson, J. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 37, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(02)00005-0	journal	May 2002
Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors Li, Xiaolin; Wang, Xinran; Zhang, Li Science, Vol. 319, Issue 5867, p. 1229-1232 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150878	journal	February 2008
Bandgap opening in graphene induced by patterned hydrogen adsorption Balog, Richard; Jørgensen, Bjarke; Nilsson, Louis Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2710	journal	March 2010
Highly Efficient Charge Separation and Collection across in Situ Doped Axial VLS-Grown Si Nanowire p–n Junctions Mohite, A. D.; Perea, D. E.; Singh, S. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204505p	journal	January 2012
Controlling the Electronic Structure of Bilayer Graphene Ohta, Taisuke; Bostwick, Aaron; Seyller, Thomas Science, Vol. 313, Issue 5789 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130681	journal	August 2006
Non-monotonous dependence of the electrical conductivity and chemical stability of a graphene freestanding film on the degree of reduction Jo, Yun Kyung; Kim, In Young; Kim, Su-jin RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA00309A	journal	January 2015
Hydrazine and Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide: Reaction Mechanisms, Product Structures, and Reaction Design Gao, Xingfa; Jang, Joonkyung; Nagase, Shigeru The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp909284g	journal	December 2009
Impurities on graphene: Midgap states and migration barriers Wehling, T. O.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Lichtenstein, A. I. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.085428	journal	August 2009
A roadmap for graphene Novoselov, K. S.; Fal′ko, V. I.; Colombo, L. Nature, Vol. 490, Issue 7419 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11458	journal	October 2012
Micrometer-Scale Ballistic Transport in Encapsulated Graphene at Room Temperature Mayorov, Alexander S.; Gorbachev, Roman V.; Morozov, Sergey V. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl200758b	journal	June 2011
Photochemical Synthesis of Solution-Processable Graphene Derivatives with Tunable Bandgaps for Organic Solar Cells Stylianakis, Minas M.; Sygletou, Maria; Savva, Kyriaki Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400450	journal	December 2014
The rise of graphene Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 3, p. 183-191 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849	journal	March 2007
Fluorographene: A Two-Dimensional Counterpart of Teflon Nair, Rahul R.; Ren, Wencai; Jalil, Rashid Small, Vol. 6, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201001555	journal	November 2010
Improving the efficiency of organic photovoltaics by tuning the work function of graphene oxide hole transporting layers Stratakis, Emmanuel; Savva, Kyriaki; Konios, Dimitrios Nanoscale, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR01539H	journal	January 2014
Chemically homogeneous and thermally reversible oxidation of epitaxial graphene Hossain, Md. Zakir; Johns, James E.; Bevan, Kirk H. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1269	journal	February 2012
Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material Eda, Goki; Fanchini, Giovanni; Chhowalla, Manish Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 5, p. 270-274 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.83	journal	April 2008
Scalable enhancement of graphene oxide properties by thermally driven phase transformation Kumar, Priyank V.; Bardhan, Neelkanth M.; Tongay, Sefaattin Nature Chemistry, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1820	journal	December 2013
Control of Graphene's Properties by Reversible Hydrogenation: Evidence for Graphane Elias, D. C.; Nair, R. R.; Mohiuddin, T. M. G. Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5914 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167130	journal	January 2009
Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene Lee, C.; Wei, X.; Kysar, J. W. Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5887, p. 385-388 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996	journal	July 2008
Controlled, Stepwise Reduction and Band Gap Manipulation of Graphene Oxide Mathkar, Akshay; Tozier, Dylan; Cox, Paris The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz300096t	journal	March 2012
Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene Nair, R. R.; Blake, P.; Grigorenko, A. N. Science, Vol. 320, Issue 5881 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156965	journal	June 2008
Electronic Transport Properties of Individual Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets Gomez-Navarro, Cristina; Weitz, R. Thomas; Bittner, Alexander M. Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 11, p. 3499-3503 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl072090c	journal	November 2007
Structural evolution during the reduction of chemically derived graphene oxide Bagri, Akbar; Mattevi, Cecilia; Acik, Muge Nature Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 7, p. 581-587 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.686	journal	June 2010

Cited By (3)

Investigation on Transition Diode Properties of rGO‐GO/n‐Si Heterojunction Abdullah, Mohd Faizol; Abd Rahman, Shaharin Fadzli; Hashim, Abdul Manaf physica status solidi (a), Vol. 216, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900064	journal	April 2019
Active bialkali photocathodes on free-standing graphene substrates Yamaguchi, Hisato; Liu, Fangze; DeFazio, Jeffrey npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-017-0014-6	journal	June 2017
Fine-Tuning the Optoelectronic Properties of Freestanding Borophene by Strain Adamska, Lyudmyla; Sharifzadeh, Sahar ACS Omega, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01232	journal	November 2017

Similar Records

2D Metal/Graphene and 2D Metal/Graphene/Metal Systems for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO ₂ to Formic Acid

Journal Article · Mon Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Angewandte Chemie · OSTI ID:1254851

Cho, Jinwon; Medina, Arturo; Saih, Ines; +5 more

2D Metal/Graphene and 2D Metal/Graphene/Metal Systems for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO ₂ to Formic Acid

Journal Article · Mon Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Angewandte Chemie (International Edition) · OSTI ID:1254851

Cho, Jinwon; Medina, Arturo; Saih, Ines; +5 more

Ion Energy and Angular Distribution in Biased Inductively Coupled Ar/O ₂ Discharges by Using a Hybrid Model

Journal Article · Fri Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Plasma Processes and Polymers · OSTI ID:1254851

Wen, De‐Qi; Zhang, Yu‐Ru; Lieberman, Michael A.; +1 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Material Science

Title: Valence-band electronic structure evolution of graphene oxide upon thermal annealing for optoelectronics

Citation Formats

References (38)

Cited By (3)

Similar Records

Related Subjects