Introduction: Observations and modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)
Abstract
We carried out the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Experiment in the environs of Manaus, Brazil, in the central region of the Amazon basin for 2 years from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015. The experiment focused on the complex interactions among vegetation, atmospheric chemistry, and aerosol production on the one hand and their connections to aerosols, clouds, and precipitation on the other. Our objective was to understand and quantify these linked processes, first under natural conditions to obtain a baseline and second when altered by the effects of human activities. To this end, the pollution plume from the Manaus metropolis, superimposed on the background conditions of the central Amazon basin, served as a natural laboratory. This paper, as the introduction to the special issue of GoAmazon2014/5, presents the context and motivation of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. The nine research sites, including the characteristics and instrumentation of each site, are presented. The sites range from time point zero (T0) upwind of the pollution, to T1 in the midst of the pollution, to T2 just downwind of the pollution, to T3 furthest downwind of the pollution (70 km). In addition to the ground sites, a low-altitude G-159 Gulfstream I (G-1) observed the atmosphericmore »
- Authors:
-
- Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Univ. of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
- National Institute for Space Research, Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil)
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Amazonas (Brazil)
- Amazonas State Univ., Amazonas (Brazil)
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Aeronautic and Space Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Univ. of Leipzig, Leipzig (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1253853
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1336085
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-113962; BNL-112483-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324; KP1701000
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830; SC00112704
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Publisher:
- European Geosciences Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Martin, S. T., Artaxo, P., Machado, L. A. T., Manzi, A. O., Souza, R. A. F., Schumacher, C., Wang, J., Andreae, M. O., Barbosa, H. M. J., Fan, J., Fisch, G., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A., Jimenez, J. L., Poschl, U., Silva Dias, M. A., Smith, J. N., and Wendisch, M. Introduction: Observations and modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5). United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.5194/acp-16-4785-2016.
Martin, S. T., Artaxo, P., Machado, L. A. T., Manzi, A. O., Souza, R. A. F., Schumacher, C., Wang, J., Andreae, M. O., Barbosa, H. M. J., Fan, J., Fisch, G., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A., Jimenez, J. L., Poschl, U., Silva Dias, M. A., Smith, J. N., & Wendisch, M. Introduction: Observations and modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5). United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4785-2016
Martin, S. T., Artaxo, P., Machado, L. A. T., Manzi, A. O., Souza, R. A. F., Schumacher, C., Wang, J., Andreae, M. O., Barbosa, H. M. J., Fan, J., Fisch, G., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A., Jimenez, J. L., Poschl, U., Silva Dias, M. A., Smith, J. N., and Wendisch, M. 2016.
"Introduction: Observations and modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4785-2016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253853.
@article{osti_1253853,
title = {Introduction: Observations and modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)},
author = {Martin, S. T. and Artaxo, P. and Machado, L. A. T. and Manzi, A. O. and Souza, R. A. F. and Schumacher, C. and Wang, J. and Andreae, M. O. and Barbosa, H. M. J. and Fan, J. and Fisch, G. and Goldstein, A. H. and Guenther, A. and Jimenez, J. L. and Poschl, U. and Silva Dias, M. A. and Smith, J. N. and Wendisch, M.},
abstractNote = {We carried out the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Experiment in the environs of Manaus, Brazil, in the central region of the Amazon basin for 2 years from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015. The experiment focused on the complex interactions among vegetation, atmospheric chemistry, and aerosol production on the one hand and their connections to aerosols, clouds, and precipitation on the other. Our objective was to understand and quantify these linked processes, first under natural conditions to obtain a baseline and second when altered by the effects of human activities. To this end, the pollution plume from the Manaus metropolis, superimposed on the background conditions of the central Amazon basin, served as a natural laboratory. This paper, as the introduction to the special issue of GoAmazon2014/5, presents the context and motivation of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. The nine research sites, including the characteristics and instrumentation of each site, are presented. The sites range from time point zero (T0) upwind of the pollution, to T1 in the midst of the pollution, to T2 just downwind of the pollution, to T3 furthest downwind of the pollution (70 km). In addition to the ground sites, a low-altitude G-159 Gulfstream I (G-1) observed the atmospheric boundary layer and low clouds, and a high-altitude Gulfstream G550 (HALO) operated in the free troposphere. During the 2-year experiment, two Intensive Operating Periods (IOP1 and IOP2) also took place that included additional specialized research instrumentation at the ground sites as well as flights of the two aircraft. GoAmazon2014/5 IOP1 was carried out from 1 February to 31 March 2014 in the wet season. GoAmazon2014/5 IOP2 was conducted from 15 August to 15 October 2014 in the dry season. The G-1 aircraft flew during both IOP1 and IOP2, and the HALO aircraft flew during IOP2. In the context of the Amazon basin, the two IOPs also correspond to the clean and biomass burning seasons, respectively. The Manaus plume is present year-round, and it is transported by prevailing northeasterly and easterly winds in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This introduction also organizes information relevant to many papers in the special issue. Information is provided on the vehicle fleet, power plants, and industrial activities of Manaus. The mesoscale and synoptic meteorologies relevant to the two IOPs are presented. Regional and long-range transport of emissions during the two IOPs is discussed based on satellite observations across South America and Africa. Fire locations throughout the airshed are detailed. In conjunction with the context and motivation of GoAmazon2014/5 as presented in this introduction, research articles including thematic overview articles are anticipated in this special issue to describe the detailed results and findings of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-16-4785-2016},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1253853},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
issn = {1680-7324},
number = 8,
volume = 16,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Web of Science
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journal, January 2019
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- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Aerosol optical depth retrievals in central Amazonia from a multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer calibrated on-site
journal, January 2019
- Rosário, Nilton E.; Sauini, Thamara; Pauliquevis, Theotonio
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Atmospheric boundary layer dynamics from balloon soundings worldwide: CLASS4GL v1.0
journal, January 2019
- Wouters, Hendrik; Petrova, Irina Y.; van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Land–atmosphere interactions in the tropics – a review
journal, January 2019
- Gentine, Pierre; Massmann, Adam; Lintner, Benjamin R.
- Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 10
Sub-micrometre particulate matter is primarily in liquid form over Amazon rainforest
journal, December 2015
- Bateman, Adam P.; Gong, Zhaoheng; Liu, Pengfei
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 9, Issue 1
GoAmazon2014/5 campaign points to deep-inflow approach to deep convection across scales
journal, April 2018
- Schiro, Kathleen A.; Ahmed, Fiaz; Giangrande, Scott E.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 18
Characteristics and Diurnal Cycle of GPM Rainfall Estimates over the Central Amazon Region
journal, June 2016
- Oliveira, Rômulo; Maggioni, Viviana; Vila, Daniel
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Issue 7
Use of MODIS Sensor Images Combined with Reanalysis Products to Retrieve Net Radiation in Amazonia
journal, June 2016
- de Oliveira, Gabriel; Brunsell, Nathaniel; Moraes, Elisabete
- Sensors, Vol. 16, Issue 7
Volatility and lifetime against OH heterogeneous reaction of ambient
isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA)
journal, January 2016
- Hu, Weiwei; Palm, Brett B.; Day, Douglas A.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 18
Meteorological context of the onset and end of the rainy season in Central Amazonia during the GoAmazon2014/5
journal, January 2017
- Marengo, Jose A.; Fisch, Gilberto F.; Alves, Lincoln M.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 12
Long-term study on coarse mode aerosols in the Amazon rain forest with the frequent intrusion of Saharan dust plumes
journal, January 2018
- Moran-Zuloaga, Daniel; Ditas, Florian; Walter, David
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 13
Ground-based observation of clusters and nucleation-mode particles in the Amazon
journal, January 2018
- Wimmer, Daniela; Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany; Manninen, Hanna Elina
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 17
The Green Ocean: precipitation insights from the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment
journal, January 2018
- Wang, Die; Giangrande, Scott E.; Bartholomew, Mary Jane
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 12
Effects of near-source coagulation of biomass burning aerosols on global predictions of aerosol size distributions and implications for aerosol radiative effects
journal, January 2019
- Ramnarine, Emily; Kodros, John K.; Hodshire, Anna L.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 9
Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin
text, January 2018
- Andreae, Meinrat O.; Afchine, Armin; Albrecht, Rachel
- Karlsruhe
Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia
journal, January 2018
- de Sá, Suzane S.; Palm, Brett B.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 16
Atmospheric boundary layer dynamics from balloon soundings worldwide: CLASS4GL v1.0
journal, March 2019
- Wouters, Hendrik; Petrova, Irina Y.; van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.
- Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
Severe Convection Features in the Amazon Basin: A TRMM-Based 15-Year Evaluation
journal, April 2016
- Nunes, Ana M. P.; Silva Dias, Maria A. F.; Anselmo, Evandro M.
- Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 4
Further evidence for CCN aerosol concentrations determining the height of warm rain and ice initiation in convective clouds over the Amazon basin
journal, January 2017
- Braga, Ramon Campos; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Weigel, Ralf
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 23
Cloud characteristics, thermodynamic controls and radiative impacts during the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment
journal, January 2017
- Giangrande, Scott E.; Feng, Zhe; Jensen, Michael P.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 23
Influence of urban pollution on the production of organic particulate matter from isoprene epoxydiols in central Amazonia
journal, January 2017
- de Sá, Suzane S.; Palm, Brett B.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 11
African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest
journal, January 2018
- Saturno, Jorge; Ditas, Florian; Penning de Vries, Marloes
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 14
Constraining nucleation, condensation, and chemistry in oxidation flow reactors using size-distribution measurements and aerosol microphysical modeling
journal, January 2018
- Hodshire, Anna L.; Palm, Brett B.; Alexander, M. Lizabeth
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 16
Ground-based observation of clusters and nucleation-mode particles in the Amazon
journal, January 2018
- Wimmer, Daniela; Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany; Manninen, Hanna Elina
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 17
Aircraft-based observations of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) in the tropical upper troposphere over the Amazon region
journal, January 2018
- Schulz, Christiane; Schneider, Johannes; Amorim Holanda, Bruna
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 20
Chemical composition of ultrafine aerosol particles in central Amazonia during the wet season
journal, January 2019
- Glicker, Hayley S.; Lawler, Michael J.; Ortega, John
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 20
Biomass-burning smoke heights over the Amazon observed from space
journal, January 2019
- Gonzalez-Alonso, Laura; Val Martin, Maria; Kahn, Ralph A.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 3
Contributions of biomass-burning, urban, and biogenic emissions to the concentrations and light-absorbing properties of particulate matter in central Amazonia during the dry season
journal, January 2019
- de Sá, Suzane S.; Rizzo, Luciana V.; Palm, Brett B.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 12
Organic peroxy radical chemistry in oxidation flow reactors and environmental chambers and their atmospheric relevance
journal, January 2019
- Peng, Zhe; Lee-Taylor, Julia; Orlando, John J.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy
journal, January 2020
- Adachi, Kouji; Oshima, Naga; Gong, Zhaoheng
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 20
An evaluation of global organic aerosol schemes using airborne observations
journal, January 2020
- Pai, Sidhant J.; Heald, Colette L.; Pierce, Jeffrey R.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 5
Observational analysis of the daily cycle of the planetary boundary layer in the central Amazon during a non-El Niño year and El Niño year (GoAmazon project 2014/5)
journal, January 2020
- Carneiro, Rayonil G.; Fisch, Gilberto
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 9
Interactive comment on “Illustration of microphysical processes in Amazonian deep convective clouds in the Gamma phase space: Introduction and potential applications” by Micael A. Cecchini et al.
journal, September 2017
- Cecchini, Micael A.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
Understanding nighttime methane signals at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)
journal, December 2019
- Botia B., Santiago; Gerbig, Christoph; Marshall, Julia
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
Morning boundary layer conditions for shallow to deep convective cloud evolution during the dry season in the central Amazon
journal, September 2021
- Henkes, Alice; Fisch, Gilberto; Machado, Luiz A. T.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 17
Future changes in isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX SOA) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: the importance of physicochemical dependency
journal, January 2021
- Jo, Duseong S.; Hodzic, Alma; Emmons, Louisa K.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 5
X-band dual-polarization radar-based hydrometeor classification for Brazilian tropical precipitation systems
journal, January 2019
- Ribaud, Jean-François; Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo; Biscaro, Thiago
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Aerosol optical depth retrievals in central Amazonia from a multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer calibrated on-site
journal, January 2019
- Rosário, Nilton E.; Sauini, Thamara; Pauliquevis, Theotonio
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Atmospheric boundary layer dynamics from balloon soundings worldwide: CLASS4GL v1.0
journal, January 2019
- Wouters, Hendrik; Petrova, Irina Y.; van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 5
The E3SM version 1 single-column model
journal, January 2020
- Bogenschutz, Peter A.; Tang, Shuaiqi; Caldwell, Peter M.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 9
Effects of coupling a stochastic convective parameterization with the Zhang–McFarlane scheme on precipitation simulation in the DOE E3SMv1.0 atmosphere model
journal, January 2021
- Wang, Yong; Zhang, Guang J.; Xie, Shaocheng
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 14, Issue 3
Land–atmosphere interactions in the tropics – a review
journal, January 2019
- Gentine, Pierre; Massmann, Adam; Lintner, Benjamin R.
- Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 10