Defects Engineered Monolayer MoS2 for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Ye, Gonglan; Gong, Yongji; Lin, Junhao; Li, Bo; He, Yongmin; Pantelides, Sokrates T.; Zhou, Wu; Vajtai, Robert; Ajayan, Pulickel M.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04331

Title: Defects Engineered Monolayer MoS₂ for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Journal Article · Wed Jan 13 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04331· OSTI ID:1240562

Ye, Gonglan ^[1]; Gong, Yongji ^[2]; Lin, Junhao ^[3]; Li, Bo ^[1]; He, Yongmin ^[1]; Pantelides, Sokrates T. ^[3]; Zhou, Wu ^[4]; Vajtai, Robert ^[1]; Ajayan, Pulickel M. ^[5]

Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering
Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Department of Chemistry
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division; Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division
Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering; Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Department of Chemistry

MoS₂ is a promising, low-cost material for electrochemical hydrogen production due to its high activity and stability during the reaction. Our work represents an easy method to increase the hydrogen production in electrochemical reaction of MoS₂ via defect engineering, and helps to understand the catalytic properties of MoS₂.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1240562

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 2; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 876 works

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Tuning oxygen vacancies in two-dimensional iron-cobalt oxide nanosheets through hydrogenation for enhanced oxygen evolution activity Zhuang, Linzhou; Jia, Yi; He, Tianwei Nano Research, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2050-8	journal	May 2018
In-situ visualization of hydrogen evolution sites on helium ion treated molybdenum dichalcogenides under reaction conditions Mitterreiter, Elmar; Liang, Yunchang; Golibrzuch, Matthias npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-019-0107-5	journal	July 2019
Oxygen Vacancies in ZnO Nanosheets Enhance CO ₂ Electrochemical Reduction to CO Geng, Zhigang; Kong, Xiangdong; Chen, Weiwei Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201711255	journal	April 2018
Theoretical investigation of various aspects of two dimensional holey boroxine, B ₃ O ₃ Ullah, Saif; Denis, Pablo A.; Sato, Fernando RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 64 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07338h	journal	January 2019
Quick Optical Identification of the Defect Formation in Monolayer WSe2 for Growth Optimization Fang, Long; Chen, Haitao; Yuan, Xiaoming Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-019-3110-z	journal	August 2019
Regulating p-block metals in perovskite nanodots for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation Li, Bo-Quan; Xia, Zi-Jing; Zhang, Bingsen Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01053-x	journal	October 2017
Wafer-scale synthesis of ultrathin CoO nanosheets with enhanced electrochemical catalytic properties Wang, Fei; Yu, Yanhao; Yin, Xin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01857f	journal	January 2017
Colloidally synthesized defect-rich $$\hbox {MoSe}_{2}$$ MoSe 2 nanosheets for superior catalytic activity Hassan, Md Samim; Jana, Atanu; Gahlawat, Soniya Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-019-1774-8	journal	March 2019
An Efficient and Extremely Stable Photocatalytic PtSe ₂ /FTO Thin Film for Water Splitting Sun, Xiangnan; Zhang, Hechuan; Li, Xitao Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201900903	journal	September 2019
Atomic Defects in Two-Dimensional Materials: From Single-Atom Spectroscopy to Functionalities in Opto-/Electronics, Nanomagnetism, and Catalysis Hong, Jinhua; Jin, Chuanhong; Yuan, Jun Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606434	journal	March 2017
Dual-Functional N Dopants in Edges and Basal Plane of MoS ₂ Nanosheets Toward Efficient and Durable Hydrogen Evolution Xiao, Wen; Liu, Peitao; Zhang, Jingyan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602086	journal	December 2016
Hierarchical Nanoboxes Composed of Co ₉ S ₈ −MoS ₂ Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Ganesan, Vinoth; Lim, Sunghyun; Kim, Jinkwon Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201701536	journal	January 2018
Phase engineering of a multiphasic 1T/2H MoS ₂ catalyst for highly efficient hydrogen evolution Wang, Dezhi; Zhang, Xiangyong; Bao, Siyuan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09409k	journal	January 2017
A Critical Review on Enhancement of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Molybdenum Disulfide: From Growth to Interfacial Activities Wu, Cuo; Zhang, Jing; Tong, Xin Small, Vol. 15, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900578	journal	June 2019
Enhancing potassium-ion battery performance by defect and interlayer engineering Xu, Yang; Bahmani, Farzaneh; Zhou, Min Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nh00305j	journal	January 2019
Confined Catalysis: Progress and Prospects in Energy Conversion Shifa, Tofik Ahmed; Vomiero, Alberto Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902307	journal	September 2019
Activating MoS ₂ basal planes for hydrogen evolution through direct CVD morphology control Dong, Lianqing; Guo, Shaoqiang; Wang, Yuyan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08738a	journal	January 2019
Promoting the electroreduction of CO ₂ with oxygen vacancies on a plasma-activated SnO _x /carbon foam monolithic electrode Li, Hongqiang; Xiao, Nan; Wang, Yuwei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12401b	journal	January 2020
Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of MoS ₂ nanotubes with vacancy defects Yang, Yanmei; Liu, Yang; Man, Baoyuan RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08981g	journal	January 2019
Vertically conductive MoS ₂ pyramids with a high density of active edge sites for efficient hydrogen evolution Zhou, Qingwei; Su, Shaoqiang; Cheng, Pengfei Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05872a	journal	January 2020
Recent Progress on Irradiation-Induced Defect Engineering of Two-Dimensional 2H-MoS2 Few Layers Zhao, Guang-Yi; Deng, Hua; Tyree, Nathaniel Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040678	journal	February 2019
Engineering two-dimensional metal oxides via surface functionalization for biological applications Ren, Baiyu; Wang, Yichao; Ou, Jian Zhen Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02423a	journal	January 2020
Alloy Foam‐Derived Ni _0.86 Fe _2.14 O ₄ Hexagonal Plates as an Efficient Electrochemical Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Kong, Xiaoxing; Lei, Jinlong; Cao, Qinghe ChemistrySelect, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201904964	journal	January 2020
Probing the active sites of newly predicted stable Janus scandium dichalcogenides for photocatalytic water-splitting Yang, Xiaoyong; Banerjee, Amitava; Ahuja, Rajeev Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cy01014a	journal	January 2019
Substrate screening effects on the quasiparticle band gap and defect charge transition levels in ${MoS}_{2}$ Naik, Mit H.; Jain, Manish Physical Review Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.084002	journal	August 2018
Solution-phase phosphorus substitution for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction in Cu ₂ WS ₄ Novak, Travis G.; Prakash, Om; Tiwari, Anand P. RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09261c	journal	January 2019
Nanocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions Ojha, Kasinath; Saha, Soumen; Dagar, Preeti Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06316d	journal	January 2018
Photoemission spectroscopy study of structural defects in molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Syari’ati, Ali; Kumar, Sumit; Zahid, Amara Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 70 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc01577a	journal	January 2019
Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS ₂ for hydrogen evolution via defect engineering Wu, Longfei; van Hoof, Arno J. F.; Dzade, Nelson Y. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00722a	journal	January 2019
WS ₂ Nanosheets with Highly‐Enhanced Electrochemical Activity by Facile Control of Sulfur Vacancies Zhu, Qing; Chen, Wenzhou; Cheng, Hua ChemCatChem, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201900341	journal	May 2019
State-of-the-Art Advances and Perspectives for Electrocatalysis Ramohlola, Kabelo E.; Hato, Mpitloane J.; Monama, Gobeng R. Methods for Electrocatalysis: Advanced Materials and Allied Applications, p. 311-352 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27161-9_13	book	January 2020
Direct deposition of MoSe ₂ nanocrystals onto conducting substrates: towards ultra-efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution Damien, Dijo; Anil, Athira; Chatterjee, Dipanwita Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09645j	journal	January 2017
Structural Engineering of 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Catalysis Zhu, Yue; Peng, Lele; Fang, Zhiwei Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706347	journal	February 2018
Synergetic Exfoliation and Lateral Size Engineering of MoS ₂ for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Yin, Lisha; Hai, Xiao; Chang, Kun Small, Vol. 14, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201704153	journal	March 2018
Structurally Deformed MoS ₂ for Electrochemically Stable, Thermally Resistant, and Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Chen, Yen-Chang; Lu, Ang-Yu; Lu, Ping Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703863	journal	October 2017
Heterostructure engineering of Co-doped MoS ₂ coupled with Mo ₂ CT _x MXene for enhanced hydrogen evolution in alkaline media Liang, Junmei; Ding, Chaoying; Liu, Jiapeng Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr02085c	journal	January 2019
Direct Synthesis of Large-Area 2D Mo ₂ C on In Situ Grown Graphene Geng, Dechao; Zhao, Xiaoxu; Chen, Zhongxin Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700072	journal	July 2017
Composite electrocatalyst MoxW1-xS2 nanosheets on carbon fiber paper for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction Yang, Qiangbin; He, Yi; Zou, Changjun Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-3991-2	journal	June 2018
A bifunctional electrode engineered by sulfur vacancies for efficient electrocatalysis Wang, Fan; Li, Kai; Li, Jingjing Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr05484g	journal	January 2019
Integrating metallic nanoparticles of Au and Pt with MoS ₂ –CdS hybrids for high-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation via plasmon-induced electron and energy transfer Chen, Kai; Ma, Liang; Wang, Jia-Hong RSC Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03912c	journal	January 2017
Emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials for electrochemical hydrogen evolution Chen, Yunxu; Yang, Kena; Jiang, Bei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00816c	journal	January 2017
Highly Periodic Metal Dichalcogenide Nanostructures with Complex Shapes, High Resolution, and High Aspect Ratios Jang, Sungwoo; Kim, Seon Joon; Koh, Hyeong-Jun Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201703842	journal	October 2017
Graphene Nanoarchitectonics: Recent Advances in Graphene‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Huang, Huajie; Yan, Minmin; Yang, Cuizhen Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903415	journal	September 2019
Design, synthesis, and energy-related applications of metal sulfides Liu, Yongchang; Li, Yang; Kang, Hongyan Materials Horizons, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6mh00075d	journal	January 2016
Theoretical investigation on the hydrogen evolution reaction mechanism at MoS ₂ heterostructures: the essential role of the 1T/2H phase interface Zhang, Tian; Zhu, Houyu; Guo, Chen Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cy01901d	journal	January 2020
Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides for Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis Zhang, Yu; Zhou, Qian; Zhu, Jixin Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702317	journal	August 2017
Oxygen Evolution Reaction on 2D Ferromagnetic Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ : Boosting the Reactivity by the Self‐Reduction of Surface Hydroxyl Zhao, Yinghe; Gu, Jinxing; Chen, Zhongfang Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904782	journal	August 2019
Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Metallic 1T′‐Sn _0.3 W _0.7 S ₂ Nanosheets for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Shao, Gonglei; Xue, Xiong‐Xiong; Wu, Binbin Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906069	journal	November 2019
Unveiling Active Sites for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Monolayer MoS ₂ Zhang, Jing; Wu, Jingjie; Guo, Hua Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201701955	journal	September 2017
Nanoarchitectonics for Transition‐Metal‐Sulfide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting Guo, Yanna; Park, Teahoon; Yi, Jin Woo Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807134	journal	February 2019
Theoretical Analysis of Surface Active Sites in Defective 2H and 1T′ MoS ₂ Polymorphs for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Quantifying the Total Activity of Point Defects Ekspong, Joakim; Gracia‐Espino, Eduardo Advanced Theory and Simulations, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.201900213	journal	January 2020
Probing the Electronic Properties of Monolayer MoS ₂ via Interaction with Molecular Hydrogen Rezende, Natália P.; Cadore, Alisson R.; Gadelha, Andreij C. Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201800591	journal	December 2018
Engineered MoSe ₂ -Based Heterostructures for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Najafi, Leyla; Bellani, Sebastiano; Oropesa-Nuñez, Reinier Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703212	journal	February 2018
Metallic Twin Boundaries Boost the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on the Basal Plane of Molybdenum Selenotellurides Kosmala, Tomasz; Coy Diaz, Horacio; Komsa, Hannu-Pekka Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800031	journal	April 2018
Doped-MoSe ₂ Nanoflakes/3d Metal Oxide-Hydr(Oxy)Oxides Hybrid Catalysts for pH-Universal Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Najafi, Leyla; Bellani, Sebastiano; Oropesa-Nuñez, Reinier Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801764	journal	August 2018
Benchmarking the Activity, Stability, and Inherent Electrochemistry of Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide for Hydrogen Production Escalera-López, Daniel; Lou, Zhiheng; Rees, Neil V. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802614	journal	January 2019
Single Atoms and Clusters Based Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution Reactions, and Full Water Splitting Sultan, Siraj; Tiwari, Jitendra N.; Singh, Aditya Narayan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900624	journal	May 2019
Activation of MoS ₂ Basal Planes for Hydrogen Evolution by Zinc Wu, Wenzhuo; Niu, Chunyao; Wei, Cong Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201812475	journal	January 2019
Oxygen Vacancies in ZnO Nanosheets Enhance CO ₂ Electrochemical Reduction to CO Geng, Zhigang; Kong, Xiangdong; Chen, Weiwei Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711255	journal	April 2018
Enhanced Raman and photoluminescence response in monolayer MoS ₂ due to laser healing of defects: Enhanced Raman and photoluminescence response Bera, Achintya; Muthu, D. V. S.; Sood, A. K. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5196	journal	July 2017
Conductive Molybdenum Sulfide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Gao, Xueqing; Qi, Jing; Wan, Shanhong Small, Vol. 14, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803361	journal	October 2018
Extending the Colloidal Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Library to ReS ₂ Nanosheets for Application in Gas Sensing and Electrocatalysis Martín‐García, Beatriz; Spirito, Davide; Bellani, Sebastiano Small, Vol. 15, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201904670	journal	December 2019
Density functional theory study of electronic structure of defects and the role on the strain relaxation behavior of MoS2 bilayer structures Wang, Jin; Dongare, Avinash M. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 53, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2220-9	journal	March 2018
Incorporation of active phase in porous MoS2 for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction Qiao, Wen; Ma, Tiantian; Xu, Xiaoyong Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-02959-x	journal	January 2020
Hydrogen adsorption engineering by intramolecular proton transfer on 2D nanosheets Lee, Hanleem; Bak, Sora; Cho, Yunhee NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-018-0037-2	journal	May 2018
Colloidal synthesis of VSe ₂ single-layer nanosheets as novel electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction Zhao, Wenwen; Dong, Bohua; Guo, Zenglong Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 59 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cc03854a	journal	January 2016
Electrocatalysis of layered Group 5 metallic transition metal dichalcogenides (MX ₂ , M = V, Nb, and Ta; X = S, Se, and Te) Chia, Xinyi; Ambrosi, Adriano; Lazar, Petr Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta05110c	journal	January 2016
Magnetism in monolayer 1T-MoS ₂ and 1T-MoS ₂ H tuned by strain Xu, Wei; Yan, Shiming; Qiao, Wen RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10304b	journal	January 2018
Computational screening for high-activity MoS ₂ monolayer-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via substitutional doping with transition metal Wang, Zhongxu; Zhao, Jingxiang; Cai, Qinghai Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00577f	journal	January 2017
Engineering of transition metal dichalcogenide-based 2D nanomaterials through doping for environmental applications Balasubramaniam, Bhuvaneshwari; Singh, Narendra; Kar, Prasenjit Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8me00116b	journal	January 2019
Structural and electronic properties of hydrogenated GaBi and InBi honeycomb monolayers with point defects Zhang, Yunzhen; Ye, Han; Yu, Zhongyuan RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra00369f	journal	January 2018
Carbon nanotube-induced phase and stability engineering: a strained cobalt-doped WSe ₂ /MWNT heterostructure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction Zhang, Guoyuan; Zheng, Xiaoli; Xu, Qun Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00163d	journal	January 2018
Engineering the nanostructure of molybdenum nitride nanodot embedded N-doped porous hollow carbon nanochains for rapid all pH hydrogen evolution Wang, Min-Qiang; Tang, Chun; Ye, Cui Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta04684k	journal	January 2018
Microwave-assisted synthesis of group 5 transition metal dichalcogenide thin films Kwak, Junghyeok; Jung, Sunshin; Lee, Noho Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc03909g	journal	January 2018
Porous aluminum electrodes with 3D channels and zig-zag edges for efficient hydrogen evolution Periasamy, Arun Prakash; Sriram, Pavithra; Chen, Yu-Wen Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc01667h	journal	January 2019
Applications of nano-porous graphene materials – critical review on performance and challenges Guirguis, Albert; Maina, James W.; Zhang, Xiwang Materials Horizons, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9mh01570a	journal	January 2020
Recent advances in two-dimensional materials and their nanocomposites in sustainable energy conversion applications Khan, Karim; Tareen, Ayesha Khan; Aslam, Muhammad Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr05919a	journal	January 2019
1% defect enriches MoS ₂ quantum dot: catalysis and blue luminescence Tang, Jingmin; Sakamoto, Masanori; Ohta, Haruhisa Nanoscale, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07612c	journal	January 2020
Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis Garlyyev, Batyr; Fichtner, Johannes; Piqué, Oriol Chemical Science, Vol. 10, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9sc02654a	journal	January 2019
Interfacial aspect of ZnTe/In ₂ Te ₃ heterostructures as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction Yang, Xiaoyong; Banerjee, Amitava; Xu, Zhitong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09687f	journal	January 2019
2D coordination polymers: Design guidelines and materials perspective Tran, Michael; Kline, Katelyn; Qin, Ying Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110895	journal	December 2019
Revealing the microscopic CVD growth mechanism of MoSe ₂ and the role of hydrogen gas during the growth procedure Wang, Hulian; Zhu, Dancheng; Jiang, Feng Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aac397	journal	May 2018
Single-layer 1 T ′-MoS ₂ under electron irradiation from ab initio molecular dynamics Pizzochero, Michele; Yazyev, Oleg V. 2D Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aab279	journal	March 2018
Recent progress in plasma-assisted synthesis and modification of 2D materials Han, Zhao Jun; Murdock, Adrian T.; Seo, Dong Han 2D Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aabb81	journal	April 2018
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution and CO2 Reduction over MoS2/Si and MoSe2/Si Nanostructures by Combined Photoelectrochemical Deposition and Rapid-Thermal Annealing Process Hong, Sungmin; Rhee, Choong Kyun; Sohn, Youngku Catalysts, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9060494	journal	May 2019
Carbon-Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production Bellani, Sebastiano; Antognazza, Maria Rosa; Bonaccorso, Francesco Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801446	journal	September 2018
Multiscale structural and electronic control of molybdenum disulfide foam for highly efficient hydrogen production Deng, Jiao; Li, Haobo; Wang, Suheng Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14430	journal	April 2017
Electrochemical generation of sulfur vacancies in the basal plane of MoS2 for hydrogen evolution Tsai, Charlie; Li, Hong; Park, Sangwook Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15113	journal	April 2017
Non-equilibrium fractal growth of MoS ₂ for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution Park, Taejin; Bae, Changdeuck; Lee, Hyangsook CrystEngComm, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ce01952e	journal	January 2019
In situ synthesis of MoS ₂ /graphene nanosheets as free-standing and flexible electrode paper for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction Zhang, Xianghui; Zhang, Mingguang; Tian, Yiqun RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01226a	journal	January 2018
Superhydrophobic states of 2D nanomaterials controlled by atomic defects can modulate cell adhesion Jaiswal, Manish K.; Singh, Kanwar Abhay; Lokhande, Giriraj Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 60 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc00547a	journal	January 2019
MoC based Mott–Schottky electrocatalyst for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction performance Ji, Xinyang; Wang, Kaixuan; Zhang, Yao Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9se00897g	journal	January 2020
Mo ₂ C/graphene heterostructures: low temperature chemical vapor deposition on liquid bimetallic Sn–Cu and hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalytic properties Chaitoglou, Stefanos; Giannakopoulou, Tatiana; Speliotis, Thanassis Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aaf9e8	journal	January 2019
Polypyrrole coated niobium disulfide nanowires as high performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction Gong, Xue; Kong, Dezhi; Pam, Mei Er Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab284a	journal	July 2019
Prevention of Hydrogen Damage Using MoS2 Coating on Iron Surface Li, Xiaolong; Chen, Li; Liu, Hongmei Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9030382	journal	March 2019
Plasma-Assisted Synthesis and Surface Modification of Electrode Materials for Renewable Energy Dou, Shuo; Tao, Li; Wang, Ruilun Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705850	journal	February 2018
2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Thin Films Obtained by Chemical Gas Phase Deposition Techniques Park, Gyu-Hyeon; Nielsch, Kornelius; Thomas, Andy Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800688	journal	October 2018
High‐Resolution Electrochemical Mapping of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets Takahashi, Yasufumi; Kobayashi, Yu; Wang, Ziqian Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201912863	journal	January 2020
Activation of MoS ₂ Basal Planes for Hydrogen Evolution by Zinc Wu, Wenzhuo; Niu, Chunyao; Wei, Cong Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201812475	journal	January 2019
Defect Engineering of MoS ₂ and Its Impacts on Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Behavior in Hydrogen Evolution Reactions Zhang, Yuxiao; Kuwahara, Yasutaka; Mori, Kohsuke Chemistry – An Asian Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201801594	journal	December 2018
A machine perspective of atomic defects in scanning transmission electron microscopy Dan, Jiadong; Zhao, Xiaoxu; Pennycook, Stephen J. InfoMat, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12026	journal	August 2019
Recent advances in two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides as photoelectrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction Nguyen, Van‐Huy; Nguyen, Thang P.; Le, Thu‐Ha Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6335	journal	January 2020
A comparative study of hydrogen evolution reaction on pseudo-monolayer WS ₂ and PtS ₂ : insights based on the density functional theory Mir, Showkat H.; Chakraborty, Sudip; Wärnå, John Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cy02426b	journal	January 2017
Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives Samadi, Morasae; Sarikhani, Navid; Zirak, Mohammad Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nh00137a	journal	January 2018
A sea-change: manganese doped nickel/nickel oxide electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation from seawater Lu, Xunyu; Pan, Jian; Lovell, Emma Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00976g	journal	January 2018
MoS ₂ -supported gold nanoparticle for CO hydrogenation Rawal, Takat B.; Le, Duy; Rahman, Talat S. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 29, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aa8314	journal	September 2017
Controllable epitaxial growth of MoSe ₂ –MoS ₂ lateral heterostructures with tunable electrostatic properties Chen, Tao; Hao, Guolin; Kou, Liangzhi Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aae0cf	journal	October 2018
Unraveling energy loss processes of low energy heavy ions in 2D materials Wilhelm, Richard A.; Grande, Pedro L. Communications Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-019-0188-7	journal	August 2019
Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering Ran, Chenxin; Xu, Jiantie; Gao, Weiyin Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00868f	journal	January 2018
Efficient Solar Light Harvesting CdS/Co ₉ S ₈ Hollow Cubes for Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Water Splitting Qiu, Bocheng; Zhu, Qiaohong; Du, Mengmeng Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 129, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201612551	journal	February 2017
Adsorption of common solvent molecules on graphene and MoS$_2$ from first-principles Patil, Urvesh; Caffrey, Nuala M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.07843	text	January 2018
Niobium disulphide (NbS$_2$)-based (heterogeneous) electrocatalysts for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction Najafi, Leyla; Bellani, Sebastiano; Oropesa-Nuñez, Reinier arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.03257	text	January 2020
Facile Synthesis of Molybdenum Diselenide Layers for High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts Vikraman, Dhanasekaran; Hussain, Sajjad; Akbar, Kamran ACS Omega, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00459	journal	May 2018
Nitrogen-Plasma-Treated Continuous Monolayer MoS₂ for Improving Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Nguyen, Anh Duc; Nguyen, Tri Khoa; Le, Chinh Tam ACS Omega, Vol. 4, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03205	journal	December 2019
Hydrogen physisorption based on the dissociative hydrogen chemisorption at the sulphur vacancy of MoS2 surface Han, Sang Wook; Cha, Gi-Beom; Park, Youngsin Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07178-9	journal	August 2017
Recent advances in unveiling active sites in molybdenum sulfide-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction Seo, Bora; Joo, Sang Hoon Nano Convergence, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-017-0112-3	journal	July 2017
Progress in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Based on Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Wang, Chuan; Huang, Jinzhao; Chen, Jiayue Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00131	journal	March 2019

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Title: Defects Engineered Monolayer MoS₂ for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction