Ecological succession and viability of human-associated microbiota on restroom surfaces

Gibbons, Sean M.; Schwartz, Tara; Fouquier, Jennifer; Mitchell, Michelle; Sangwan, Naseer; Gilbert, Jack A.; Kelley, Scott T.; Elkins, C. A.

doi:10.1128/AEM.03117-14

Title: Ecological succession and viability of human-associated microbiota on restroom surfaces

Journal Article · Fri Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Applied and Environmental Microbiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03117-14· OSTI ID:1214581

Gibbons, Sean M. ^[1]; Schwartz, Tara ^[2]; Fouquier, Jennifer ^[2]; Mitchell, Michelle ^[2]; Sangwan, Naseer ^[3]; Gilbert, Jack A. ^[4]; Kelley, Scott T. ^[2]; Elkins, C. A.

University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States). Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology.
San Diego State University, San Diego, CA (United States). Department of Biology.
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology.
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States). Department of Ecology and Evolution; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (United States); College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China)

Human-associated bacteria dominate the built environment (BE). Following decontamination of floors, toilet seats, and soap dispensers in four public restrooms, in situ bacterial communities were characterized hourly, daily, and weekly to determine their successional ecology. The viability of cultivable bacteria, following the removal of dispersal agents (humans), was also assessed hourly. A late-successional community developed within 5 to 8 h on restroom floors and showed remarkable stability over weeks to months. Despite late-successional dominance by skin- and outdoor-associated bacteria, the most ubiquitous organisms were predominantly gut-associated taxa, which persisted following exclusion of humans. Staphylococcus represented the majority of the cultivable community, even after several hours of human exclusion. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-associated virulence genes were found on floors but were not present in assembled Staphylococcus pan-genomes. Viral abundances, which were predominantly enterophages, human papilloma virus, and herpesviruses, were significantly correlated with bacterial abundances and showed an unexpectedly low virus-to-bacterium ratio in surface-associated samples, suggesting that bacterial hosts are mostly dormant on BE surfaces.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1214581

Journal Information:: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 81, Issue 2; ISSN 0099-2240

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 73 works

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