Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂

Middleton, Richard S.; Carey, James William; Currier, Robert P.; Hyman, Jeffrey De'Haven; Kang, Qinjun; Karra, Satish; Jiménez-Martínez, Joaquín; Porter, Mark L.; Viswanathan, Hari S.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.023

Title: Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂

Journal Article · Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Applied Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.023· OSTI ID:1193677

Middleton, Richard S. ^[1]; Carey, James William ^[1]; Currier, Robert P. ^[1]; Hyman, Jeffrey De'Haven ^[1]; Kang, Qinjun ^[1]; Karra, Satish ^[1]; Jiménez-Martínez, Joaquín ^[1]; Porter, Mark L. ^[1]; Viswanathan, Hari S. ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Hydraulic fracturing of shale formations in the United States has led to a domestic energy boom. Currently, water is the only fracturing fluid regularly used in commercial shale oil and gas production. Industry and researchers are interested in non-aqueous working fluids due to their potential to increase production, reduce water requirements, and to minimize environmental impacts. Using a combination of new experimental and modeling data at multiple scales, we analyze the benefits and drawbacks of using CO₂ as a working fluid for shale gas production. We theorize and outline potential advantages of CO₂ including enhanced fracturing and fracture propagation, reduction of flow-blocking mechanisms, increased desorption of methane adsorbed in organic-rich parts of the shale, and a reduction or elimination of the deep re-injection of flow-back water that has been linked to induced seismicity and other environmental concerns. We also examine likely disadvantages including costs and safety issues associated with handling large volumes of supercritical CO₂. The advantages could have a significant impact over time leading to substantially increased gas production. In addition, if CO₂ proves to be an effective fracturing fluid, then shale gas formations could become a major utilization option for carbon sequestration.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; 20140002DR; 20150397DR

OSTI ID:: 1193677

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1247591

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-14-29299; PII: S0306261915003074

Journal Information:: Applied Energy, Vol. 147, Issue C; ISSN 0306-2619

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 537 works

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shale gas
hydraulic fracturing
supercritical CO₂
non-aqueous fracturing fluids
waterless fracturing fluids

Title: Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂

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