The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes

Martínez, Inés; Stegen, James C.; Maldonado-Gómez, Maria X.; Eren, A. Murat; Siba, Peter M.; Greenhill, Andrew R.; Walter, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049

Title: The Gut Microbiota of Rural Papua New Guineans: Composition, Diversity Patterns, and Ecological Processes

Journal Article · Wed Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Cell Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049· OSTI ID:1182902

Martínez, Inés ^[1]; Stegen, James C. ^[2]; Maldonado-Gómez, Maria X. ^[3]; Eren, A. Murat ^[4]; Siba, Peter M. ^[5]; Greenhill, Andrew R. ^[6]; Walter, Jens ^[7]

Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada); Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Food Science and Technology
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Biological Sciences Div.
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Food Science and Technology
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA (United States)
Papua New Guinea Inst. of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea)
Papua New Guinea Inst. of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea); Federation Univ. Australia, Churchill, VIC (Australia). School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences
Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada). Depts. of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, and Biological Sciences; Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Food Science and Technology

Comparisons between the fecal microbiota of humans from industrialized and non-industrialized communities indicate a pronounced impact of westernization on the diversity and composition of the human gut microbiota. However, the exact consequences of westernization on community characteristics are still insufficiently understood, and the ecological processes that drive differences have not been elucidated. Here we have compared the fecal microbiota of adults from two non-industrialized regions in Papua New Guinea (PNG) with that of United States (US) residents. Papua New Guineans harbor communities with greater bacterial diversity but lower inter-individual variation. Although the fecal microbiota in PNG and US was largely dominated by shared bacterial lineages, the relative abundance of 25 families, 45 genera, and 230 species-level OTUs differed, and 47 core OTUs in PNG were undetectable in US residents. To gain insight into the ecological mechanisms that cause the observed differences, we quantified community assembly processes in PNG and US microbiomes using a null modeling approach. This analysis demonstrated a significant higher rate of bacterial dispersal in PNG and divergent selective environments in the US. Interestingly, equivalent findings were obtained for other datasets comparing industrialized and non-industrialized microbiomes. Overall, the findings demonstrate a dominant role for microbial dispersal in shaping the human gut microbiota in non-industrialized societies, and point to differential selection pressures across individuals as a major factor shaping microbiomes associated with modern lifestyle.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1182902

Journal Information:: Cell Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 4; ISSN 2211-1247

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 354 works

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Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model Clayton, Jonathan B.; Al-Ghalith, Gabriel A.; Long, Ha Thang Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1101/177295	journal	August 2017
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Analysis of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Xu, Kehan; Jiang, Bo Medical Science Monitor, Vol. 23 https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.904220	journal	September 2017
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Diversity Generator Mechanisms Are Essential Components of Biological Systems: The Two Queen Hypothesis Muraille, Eric Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00223	journal	February 2018
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Impact of a Nomadic Pastoral Lifestyle on the Gut Microbiome in the Fulani Living in Nigeria Afolayan, Ayorinde O.; Ayeni, Funmilola A.; Moissl-Eichinger, Christine Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02138	journal	September 2019
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Reciprocal Interactions Between Gut Microbiota and Host Social Behavior Emmanuelle, Münger,; J., Montiel-Castro, Augusto; Wolfgang, Langhans, ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000302402	text	January 2018
Intestinal parasitic infection alters bacterial gut microbiota in children Toro-Londono, Miguel A.; Bedoya-Urrego, Katherine; Garcia-Montoya, Gisela M. PeerJ, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6200	journal	January 2019

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