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Title: Nano-Structural Elucidation in Carbon Black Loaded NR Vulcanizate by 3D-TEM and In Situ WAXD Measurements

Abstract

Three dimensional (3D) visualization of nanometer structure of carbon black dispersion in rubbery matrix has successfully been studied and reported in this paper. Use of 3D-TEM, which is computerized tomography combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enabled us to reconstruct 3D images of carbon black aggregates in natural rubber (NR) matrix. The TEM measurements were conducted by a bright-field method on thin samples without any electron staining. The sample was subject to uni-axial tilting (+65 degree to -65 degree with 2 degree increment) in the sample chamber, and 66 TEM images were taken on each sample. These TEM images were used for computerized tomography to reconstruct the 3D image. This technique is designated as 3D-TEM. The nano-structural features observed by 3D-TEM were in conformity with the electron-conductivity results, and the percolation behavior was recognized. These results were further supplemented by in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), i.e., simultaneous WAXD and tensile measurements on the sample to observe the strain-induced crystallization in NR vulcanizate. Upon tensile elongation, the crystallization was clearly observed in WAXD in the presence of carbon black, and it contributed to the tensile properties. In order to understand the performances of filled NR vulcanizates, it surely is necessarymore » to know the structural states of the mixed nano-filler and the crystallites produced upon elongation.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source
Sponsoring Org.:
Doe - Office Of Science
OSTI Identifier:
960074
Report Number(s):
BNL-83060-2009-JA
TRN: US201016%%1218
DOE Contract Number:  
DE-AC02-98CH10886
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Rubber Chemistry and Technology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 80; Journal Issue: 2
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; CARBON BLACK; COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; CRYSTALLIZATION; ELECTRONS; ELONGATION; NATURAL RUBBER; TENSILE PROPERTIES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X-RAY DIFFRACTION; national synchrotron light source

Citation Formats

Ikeda, Y, Kato, A, Shimanuki, J, Kohjiya, S, Tosaka, M, Poompradub, S, Toki, S, and Hsiao, B. Nano-Structural Elucidation in Carbon Black Loaded NR Vulcanizate by 3D-TEM and In Situ WAXD Measurements. United States: N. p., 2007. Web. doi:10.5254/1.3539405.
Ikeda, Y, Kato, A, Shimanuki, J, Kohjiya, S, Tosaka, M, Poompradub, S, Toki, S, & Hsiao, B. Nano-Structural Elucidation in Carbon Black Loaded NR Vulcanizate by 3D-TEM and In Situ WAXD Measurements. United States. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3539405
Ikeda, Y, Kato, A, Shimanuki, J, Kohjiya, S, Tosaka, M, Poompradub, S, Toki, S, and Hsiao, B. 2007. "Nano-Structural Elucidation in Carbon Black Loaded NR Vulcanizate by 3D-TEM and In Situ WAXD Measurements". United States. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3539405.
@article{osti_960074,
title = {Nano-Structural Elucidation in Carbon Black Loaded NR Vulcanizate by 3D-TEM and In Situ WAXD Measurements},
author = {Ikeda, Y and Kato, A and Shimanuki, J and Kohjiya, S and Tosaka, M and Poompradub, S and Toki, S and Hsiao, B},
abstractNote = {Three dimensional (3D) visualization of nanometer structure of carbon black dispersion in rubbery matrix has successfully been studied and reported in this paper. Use of 3D-TEM, which is computerized tomography combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enabled us to reconstruct 3D images of carbon black aggregates in natural rubber (NR) matrix. The TEM measurements were conducted by a bright-field method on thin samples without any electron staining. The sample was subject to uni-axial tilting (+65 degree to -65 degree with 2 degree increment) in the sample chamber, and 66 TEM images were taken on each sample. These TEM images were used for computerized tomography to reconstruct the 3D image. This technique is designated as 3D-TEM. The nano-structural features observed by 3D-TEM were in conformity with the electron-conductivity results, and the percolation behavior was recognized. These results were further supplemented by in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), i.e., simultaneous WAXD and tensile measurements on the sample to observe the strain-induced crystallization in NR vulcanizate. Upon tensile elongation, the crystallization was clearly observed in WAXD in the presence of carbon black, and it contributed to the tensile properties. In order to understand the performances of filled NR vulcanizates, it surely is necessary to know the structural states of the mixed nano-filler and the crystallites produced upon elongation.},
doi = {10.5254/1.3539405},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/960074}, journal = {Rubber Chemistry and Technology},
number = 2,
volume = 80,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2007},
month = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2007}
}