Quantitative extraction and concentration of synthetic water-soluble acid dyes from aqueous media using a quinine-chloroform solution
Twenty-one water-soluble acid dyes, including eleven azo, five triphenylmethane four xanthene, one naphthol derivatives, used at practical concentrations for food coloration, were quantitatively extracted from water and various carbonated beverages into a 0.1 M quinine-chloroform solution in the presence of 0.5 M boric acid by brief shaking. Quantitative extraction of these dyes was also accomplished by the 0.1 M quinine-chloroform solution made conveniently from chloroform, quinine hydrochloride, and sodium hydroxide added successively to water or beverages containing boric acid. Quinine acted as a countercation on the dyes having sulfonic and/or carboxylic acid group(s) to form chloroform-soluble ion-pair complexes. The diacidic base alkaloid interacted with each acid group of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasulfonic acid dyes approximately in the ratio 0.8-0.9 to 1. The dyes in the chloroform solution were quantitatively concentrated into a small volume of sodium hydroxide solution also by brief shaking. The convenient quinine-chloroform method was applicable to the quantitative extraction of a mixture of 12 dyes from carbonated beverages, which are all currently used for food coloration. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is also presented for the systematic separation and determination of these 12 dyes following their concentration into the aqueous alkaline solution. The chromatogram was monitored by double-wavelength absorptiometry in the visible and ultraviolet ray regions.
- Research Organization:
- Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Japan
- OSTI ID:
- 7033242
- Journal Information:
- Anal. Chem.; (United States), Vol. 58:14
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
AZO DYES
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
CHLOROFORM
SOLVENT PROPERTIES
NAPHTHOLS
QUININE
TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA
VISIBLE SPECTRA
WATER
ALKALOIDS
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
AROMATICS
AZO COMPOUNDS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DATA
DISPERSIONS
DRUGS
DYES
EXTRACTION
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
MIXTURES
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHENOLS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOLUTIONS
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
400105* - Separation Procedures
400102 - Chemical & Spectral Procedures
400201 - Chemical & Physicochemical Properties