Pretreatments and selective materials for improved processing of PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) liquid radioactive wastes: Final report
This project was an exploratory study of liquid radwaste treatment techniques. Bench-scale tests were conducted on various sorption materials and pretreatment agents. Pretreatments included ultrafiltration, oxidation, reduction, complexation, coagulation, flocculation, and pH adjustment. Sorption materials included ion exchange resins, zeolites, carbons, polymeric adsorbents, and newly developed unique ion-exchangers. Project results indicate that: (1) For cesium removal, zeolites were found to be effective and low in process cost. (2) For iodine, any good quality strong base anion exchange resin was effective and low in process cost. Cobalt removal was found to be more complex: Cobalt and other transition metal radionuclides exist as both ions (positively and negatively charged) and colloidal particles. For cobalt removal, strong acid cation exchange resins produced the most reliable results at the lowest estimated cost. Other useful cobalt and transition metal results were achieved by: ultrafiltration pretreatment followed by ion exchange; coagulating polyelectrolyte followed by mixed bed ion exchange; and coarse-crushed ion exchange resins. Processing techniques developed in the project have been scaled up and used at two operating PWRs since April 1984. 51 figs., 106 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (USA); Duke Power Co., Charlotte, NC (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6975273
- Report Number(s):
- EPRI-NP-5786; ON: TI88014205
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS
CESIUM 137
REMOVAL
COBALT 58
IODINE 131
LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES
RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING
PWR TYPE REACTORS
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
FLOCCULATION
ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS
LIQUID WASTES
OXIDATION
PH VALUE
PROGRESS REPORT
REDUCTION
RESINS
SAMPLE PREPARATION
ULTRAFILTRATION
ZEOLITES
ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-PLUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
CESIUM ISOTOPES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COBALT ISOTOPES
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES
FILTRATION
HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES
IODINE ISOTOPES
ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
MINERALS
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ODD-ODD NUCLEI
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
PETROCHEMICALS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
POLYMERS
PRECIPITATION
PROCESSING
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
RADIOISOTOPES
REACTORS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE PROCESSING
WASTES
WATER COOLED REACTORS
WATER MODERATED REACTORS
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
052001* - Nuclear Fuels- Waste Processing
210200 - Power Reactors
Nonbreeding
Light-Water Moderated
Nonboiling Water Cooled