A history of ocean disposal of packaged low-level radioactive waste
Abstract
Two methods are practiced throughout the world for the disposal of low-level radioactive wastes-ground burial and ocean dumping. Ocean dumping was used by the United States from 1946 to 1970; European nations have been ocean dumping since 1951, with the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development supervising the international ocean dumping operations since 1967. The European nations have dumped wastes containing over 700 000 Ci of radioactivity, whereas the United States has dumped wastes containing over 94 000 Ci. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has surveyed some of the U. S. ocean dump sites and retrieved three drums of waste to assess the condition of the radioactive waste packaging. The NEA has published guidelines for packaging requirements for ocean disposal, and the EPA has a program to prepare regulations to complement the existing international and domestic broad-based regulations for packaging of radioactive wastes for ocean disposal.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- OSTI Identifier:
- 6972615
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal Name:
- Nucl. Saf.; (United States)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 23:2
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES; PACKAGING; RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL; INTERNATIONAL LAWS; MARINE DISPOSAL; PACKAGING RULES; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; LICENSING; NEA; RADIOACTIVITY; US EPA; DATA; INFORMATION; INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS; LAWS; MANAGEMENT; MATERIALS; NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS; NUMERICAL DATA; OECD; RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS; RADIOACTIVE WASTES; REGULATIONS; US ORGANIZATIONS; WASTE DISPOSAL; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WASTES; 052002* - Nuclear Fuels- Waste Disposal & Storage
Citation Formats
Holcomb, W F. A history of ocean disposal of packaged low-level radioactive waste. United States: N. p., 1982.
Web.
Holcomb, W F. A history of ocean disposal of packaged low-level radioactive waste. United States.
Holcomb, W F. 1982.
"A history of ocean disposal of packaged low-level radioactive waste". United States.
@article{osti_6972615,
title = {A history of ocean disposal of packaged low-level radioactive waste},
author = {Holcomb, W F},
abstractNote = {Two methods are practiced throughout the world for the disposal of low-level radioactive wastes-ground burial and ocean dumping. Ocean dumping was used by the United States from 1946 to 1970; European nations have been ocean dumping since 1951, with the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development supervising the international ocean dumping operations since 1967. The European nations have dumped wastes containing over 700 000 Ci of radioactivity, whereas the United States has dumped wastes containing over 94 000 Ci. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has surveyed some of the U. S. ocean dump sites and retrieved three drums of waste to assess the condition of the radioactive waste packaging. The NEA has published guidelines for packaging requirements for ocean disposal, and the EPA has a program to prepare regulations to complement the existing international and domestic broad-based regulations for packaging of radioactive wastes for ocean disposal.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6972615},
journal = {Nucl. Saf.; (United States)},
number = ,
volume = 23:2,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1982},
month = {Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1982}
}