Advanced water resource management in ammonia and fertilizer industries
- Nalco Chemical Co., Naperville, IL (United States)
- NalcoEurope, Leiden (Netherlands)
Ammonia plants typically use high volumes of water, predominantly as make-up for process steam use and as cooling water. Water use minimization in the ammonia and fertilizer industries presents unique challenges related to the potential for ammonia contamination. This can lead to concerns with water or air discharge of ammonia, increased microbiological activity, and concern for ammonia-enhanced corrosion. Copper-based metallurgy is understandably rare in ammonia plants, consequently the last concern is of little practical importance. Developing an advanced water resource management strategy for the ammonia and fertilizer industries requires a plant audit with a complete water and contaminant mass balance. Analysis of this information allows development of potential conceptual design flowsheets, incorporating options for reduced water use. Attractive options for water use minimization in an ammonia plant often include the reuse of process condensates as make-up to the demineralization system or as make-up to the cooling water system. Modeling the water chemistry resulting from water reuse, as well as the effectiveness of any recommended treatment operations, allows for a technical and economic comparison of the options. Operations of particular interest to the ammonia industry include ammonia stripping across an open cooling tower and ammonia removal techniques such as air or steam stripping. This paper will outline the general approach to water resource management, and present case studies illustrating the effectiveness of this approach.
- OSTI ID:
- 697114
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-990401-; TRN: IM9946%%500
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Corrosion 1999 conference, San Antonio, TX (United States), 25 Apr 1999; Other Information: DN: 1 CD-ROM. Operating Systems: Windows 3.1, `95, `98 and NT; Macintosh; and UNIX; PBD: 1999; Related Information: Is Part Of Corrosion 99: Proceedings; PB: [3500] p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Production of Fertilizer in a Multipurpose Atomic Power Reactor Complex for Distillation of Sea Water: A Survey
Tritium Content in and Release from Pressurized-Water-Reactor Fuel Cladding