Bladder cancer in Massachusetts related to chlorinated and chloraminated drinking water: a case-control study
Consumers of chlorinated drinking water have a small excess of bladder cancer. Risk may have been underestimated because of confounding and misclassification of exposure status. To address these problems, we undertook a case-control study. Detailed residential histories were obtained by telephone interviews with informants of 614 individuals who died of primarily bladder cancer and 1,074 individuals who died of other causes. Their surface water has been disinfected with chlorine or a combination of chlorine and ammonia (cloramine) since 1938. The mortality ratio for bladder cancer among individuals who resided only in communities supplied with drinking water disinfected with chlorine, relative to individuals who resided only in communities supplied with drinking water disinfected with chloramine, was 1.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-2.1), using all controls; when the comparison group was restricted to individuals who died of lymphoma, the mortality odds ratio was 2.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.7-4.3).
- Research Organization:
- Brown Univ., Providence, RI (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6840039
- Journal Information:
- Arch. Environ. Health; (United States), Vol. 43:2
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Type of disinfectant in drinking water and patterns of mortality in Massachusetts
Case-control studies of bladder cancer and chloraminated drinking water: Feasibility considerations
Related Subjects
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
BLADDER
NEOPLASMS
CHLORAMINES
HEALTH HAZARDS
CHLORINE
DRINKING WATER
CHLORINATION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
MASSACHUSETTS
MORTALITY
WATER POLLUTION
WATER SUPPLY
AMINES
BODY
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DISEASES
ELEMENTS
FEDERAL REGION I
HALOGENATION
HALOGENS
HAZARDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
NONMETALS
NORTH AMERICA
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
URINARY TRACT
USA
WATER
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
550900 - Pathology